{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:55:20Z","timestamp":1760237720282,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MEC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50008\/2020","UIDB\/00742\/2020","2021.06685.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50008\/2020","UIDB\/00742\/2020","2021.06685.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50008\/2020","UIDB\/00742\/2020","2021.06685.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50008\/2020","UIDB\/00742\/2020","2021.06685.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/50008\/2020","UIDB\/00742\/2020","2021.06685.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50008\/2020","UIDB\/00742\/2020","2021.06685.BD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ASI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiac diseases have increased over the years; thus, it is essential to predict their possible signs. Accurate prediction efficiently treats the patient\u2019s medical history before the attack occurs. Sensors available in commonly used devices may strive for the proper and early identification of various cardiac diseases. The primary purpose of this review is to analyze studies related to gender discretization based on data from different sensors including electrocardiography and echocardiography. The analyzed studies were published between 2010 and 2022 in various scientific databases, including PubMed Central, Springer, ACM, IEEE Xplore, MDPI, and Elsevier, based on the analysis of different cardiovascular diseases. It was possible to verify that most of the analyzed studies measured similar parameters as traditional methods including the QRS complex and other waves that characterize the various individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/asi5040081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T23:44:25Z","timestamp":1660693465000},"page":"81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Brief Review on Gender Identification with Electrocardiography Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Eduarda Sofia","family":"Bastos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui Pedro","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco Alexandre","family":"Marinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Rudenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Hanna Vitaliyivna","family":"Denysyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9218-2934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norberto Jorge","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7664-0168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eftim","family":"Zdravevski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3004-011 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Higher School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3500-843 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"Child Studies Research Center (CIEC), University of Minho, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3195-3168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno M.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3394-6762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan Miguel","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.12.015","article-title":"Methamphetamine-Associated Cardiomyopathy: Addressing the Clinical Challenges","volume":"31","author":"Thoi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2020-139585","article-title":"Emerging Spectrum of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome","volume":"98","author":"Kunal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Postgrad. 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