{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:49:52Z","timestamp":1777931392582,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]],"date-time":"2024-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Atmosphere"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Olea europaea L. pollen is one of the main causes of pollinosis and respiratory diseases in the Iberian Peninsula (IP). The aim of this study was to provide a pollen calendar in different regions of the IP, which could help allergists and allergic patients in the management of Olea europaea allergic diseases, and to update\/complement what has already been reported on olive trees\u2019 aeropalynology in this region. Airborne Olea pollen dynamics were analyzed over a period of 8 years in a total of 21 localities, 7 in Portugal and 14 in Spain. Airborne pollen monitoring was carried out using the Hirst-type spore trap method and following the recommendations of the Quality Control Working Group of the European Aerobiology Society. The daily pollen count, the annual pollen profile, the Annual Pollen Integral (APIn), the Seasonal Pollen Integral (SPIn) and the Pollen Peak, all expressed in number of pollen grains per cubic metre of air, together with the main pollen season and its characteristics, the Start Day, the End Day and the length of the pollen season, were calculated for each sampling station. Differences in mean Olea pollen concentration between odd and even years were also analyzed. On average, the main pollen season (MPS) started in April\/May and ended in June, with Pollen Peaks recorded in May, except in Burgos, where it was recorded in June. The longest MPS occurred in Lisbon, Oviedo and Valencia (53 days) and the shortest in Vitoria (25 days). A high daily pollen concentration (i.e., &gt;200 grains\/m3) was recorded between 1 and 38 days along the year in all sampling stations of the southwest quadrant of the IP and in Ja\u00e9n. A biannual pattern, characterized by alternating years of high and low pollen production, was found in the southwest of the IP. In conclusion, the study provided a deeper understanding of the pollination behaviour of olive trees in the IP and allowed the establishment of a representative Olea pollen calendar for this region. In addition, our results suggest the usefulness of investigating more detailed relationships between annual Olea pollen, allergen sensitization and symptoms, both for allergists involved in the study and management of allergic respiratory diseases caused by this species and for the self-management of disease in allergic subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos15091087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T03:04:18Z","timestamp":1725851058000},"page":"1087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Aerobiology of Olive Pollen (Olea europaea L.) in the Atmosphere of the Iberian Peninsula"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9716-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Penedos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Cl\u00ednica, 1600-503 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Salamanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs & Clinical Department, LETI Pharma, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9847-5156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Cl\u00ednica, 1600-503 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0887-8796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Cl\u00ednica, 1600-503 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina da Comunidade, Informa\u00e7\u00e3o e Decis\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade\u2014MEDCIDS, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Tecnologias e Servi\u00e7os de Sa\u00fade\u2014CINTESIS, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Unidade de Alergia, Instituto & Hospital CUF Porto, 4100-180 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Carreiro-Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Cl\u00ednica, 1600-503 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunoalergologia, ULS S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9, 1169-049 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), LA-REAL, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8887-572X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Rodrigues-Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Cl\u00ednica, 1600-503 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Hospital do Divino Esp\u00edrito Santo, 9500-370 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6183-0583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Moral de Gregorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universit\u00e1rio de Toledo, 45007 Toledo, Spain"},{"name":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Alergolog\u00eda e Inmunolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica\u2014SEAIC, 28020 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Alergolog\u00eda e Inmunolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica\u2014SEAIC, 28020 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Servicio de Alergolog\u00eda, Hospital Cl\u00ednic i Universitari, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Branco Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Cl\u00ednica, 1600-503 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Universit\u00e1ria de Imunoalergolgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kostelenos, G., and Kiritsakis, A. 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