{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T07:33:26Z","timestamp":1772091206091,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Atmosphere"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The urban heat island (UHI) effect is a widely recognized phenomenon consisting of heat accumulation by dense urban construction and human activities, resulting in higher temperatures across urban areas compared to their surroundings. This article aims to quantify the UHI effect on several areas throughout the city of Lisbon, Portugal, with the main goal of validating, evaluating, and reinforcing urban climate adaptation and resilience strategies proposed in the recent scientific literature. A set of nine quality-controlled weather stations from the \u201cLisboa Aberta\u201d network that are compliant with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards and installation requirements were used to characterize Lisbon\u2019s UHI, in comparison to a reference weather station from the Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), located at Lisbon Airport. By applying a principal component analysis (PCA) in an innovative way to 10 urban indexes, it is shown that the thermal inertia in Lisbon\u2019s urban areas is positively correlated with the UHI intensity and urban density, regardless of the daily heating\/cooling cycle. Furthermore, the results show that land use also has an impact on the UHI effect, with continuous, vertical building areas showing the greatest deviations in comparison to the reference, averaging +1.8 \u00b0C. Contrastingly, horizontal building areas reveal an average deviation of +1.3 \u00b0C, with sparse, discontinuously built areas representing an average UHI effect of +0.2 \u00b0C. Finally, through a climatope analysis, it is determined that, across Lisbon, high-density urban areas and ventilation corridors are responsible for inducing average UHI effects of +1.7 \u00b0C and +0.2 \u00b0C, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos15101177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T03:57:52Z","timestamp":1727755072000},"page":"1177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Lisbon Urban Climate: Statistical Analysis\/Approach for Urban Heat Island Effect Based on a Pioneering Urban Meteorological Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9043-7335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Vil\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Meteorologia Aeron\u00e1utica, Departamento de Meteorologia e Geof\u00edsica, Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e da Atmosfera, Rua C do Aeroporto, 1749-077 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel Loupa","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovation in Territory, Urbanism and Architecture (CiTUA), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1000-042 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Outdoor human thermal comfort in local climate zones of Novi Sad (Serbia) during heat wave period","volume":"65","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hung. 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