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This research focused on two equipped classrooms with different ventilation systems: natural and mechanical ventilation. Both classrooms were continuously monitored for IEQ parameters: thermal comfort, indoor air quality, noise, and lighting during heating and cooling seasons. Air temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, sound pressure level, and illuminance were measured. Outdoor weather conditions were also recorded. The primary focus was on air temperature, CO2 concentrations, and relative humidity, while air change rates (ACH) were estimated using the Tracer Gas Method. The results showed inadequate thermal conditions in both classrooms, particularly during the heating season. Most weekly mean CO2 concentrations were within acceptable limits, while ACH were below standard recommendations in four CO2 decay phases. Simulations of CO2 decay revealed further air quality gaps in each room. Corrective measures within the 3SqAir project framework were suggested for approval and implementation while monitoring continues. This work represents the first phase in an evolving study towards developing sustainable strategies for improving indoor air quality in classrooms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos16050584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T09:26:48Z","timestamp":1747128408000},"page":"584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["3SqAir Project: A Living Lab Towards Sustainable Smart Strategy for Indoor Climate Quality Assurance in Classrooms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2206-9289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Ogundiran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering P\u00f3lo II, University of Coimbra, ADAI-LAETA, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5948-5303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Paul Kapuya Bulaba","family":"Nyembwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering P\u00f3lo II, University of Coimbra, ADAI-LAETA, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, University Official of Mbuji-Mayi, Av Kalonji 27, Mbuji-Mayi 8330, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2780-5418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Omomoluwa","family":"Ogundiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering P\u00f3lo II, University of Coimbra, ADAI-LAETA, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7249-9352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben Alexandre de Souto","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering P\u00f3lo II, University of Coimbra, ADAI-LAETA, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gest\u00e3o, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa Dias","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering P\u00f3lo II, University of Coimbra, ADAI-LAETA, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Low Carbon & Resource Efficiency, R&Di, Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade, 4415-491 Grij\u00f3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0739-9811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Gameiro da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering P\u00f3lo II, University of Coimbra, ADAI-LAETA, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2015.12.246","article-title":"Determining the Indoor Environment Quality for an Educational Building","volume":"85","author":"Mihai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Procedia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2024.103157","article-title":"Air quality and ventilation: Exploring solutions for healthy and sustainable urban environments in times of climate change","volume":"24","author":"Niza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2019.01.014","article-title":"Indoor environmental quality of green office buildings in China: Large-scale and long-term measurement","volume":"150","author":"Geng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Build. 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