{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T15:31:09Z","timestamp":1772033469486,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Poland and Portugal","award":["BPN\/BPT\/2021\/1\/00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPN\/BPT\/2021\/1\/00001"]}]},{"name":"Poland and Portugal","award":["2021.09406.CBM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.09406.CBM"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Atmosphere"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The impact of air pollution on human health remains a critical issue. This study investigates the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM2.5\u201310 and translates measured exposure concentrations to internal human dose using the Exposure Dose Model 2 (ExDoM2). The cities analyzed (Pozna\u0144, Wroc\u0142aw) were selected based on their demographic and functional significance and the structure of dominant emission sources. These are large academic centers with a significant influx of residents, leading to the seasonal increase in the number of people exposed to air pollution. The total deposited doses of PM2.5 in the human respiratory tract (HRT) for adult males varied seasonally, with the highest dose recorded in winter and autumn equal to 180 \u00b5g in Wroc\u0142aw and Pozna\u0144, and the lowest in spring and summer equal to 30 \u00b5g and 65 \u00b5g in Wroc\u0142aw and Pozna\u0144, respectively. These findings highlight the significant impact of seasonal variability on exposure to particulate matter and its potential health implications. In particular, the deposited doses of particulate matter in Wroc\u0142aw and Pozna\u0144 were found to be within a similar range during certain seasons, indicating comparable urban exposure levels. During the heating season, municipal and residential emissions related to the combustion of solid fuels in individual heat sources play a key role, while during the non-heating season, traffic emissions and secondary particulate matter resuspension are more significant. Further research is required to determine the extent to which these similarities reflect shared emission sources or meteorological conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos17030237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T13:37:37Z","timestamp":1772026657000},"page":"237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Influence of Ambient Particulate Matter on the Human Respiratory Tract in Major Academic Centers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2257-2284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patryk","family":"Grzywa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Mucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Chlebowska-Sty\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection, Regional Department of Environmental Monitoring in Poznan ul. Czarna Rola 4, 61-625 Poznan, Poland"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Pachurka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galwanizer Ltd., 38 Swidnicka St., 58-200 Dzierzoniow, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2465-5880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00e2nia","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8636-2771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucyna","family":"Samek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8506-6679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana Marta","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mihalis","family":"Lazaridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Polytechenioupolis, 73100 Chania, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9810-4673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"S\u00f3wka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30505-6","article-title":"Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: An analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015","volume":"389","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9592","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1803222115","article-title":"Global estimates of mortality associated with long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter","volume":"115","author":"Burnett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. 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