{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T07:29:03Z","timestamp":1768807743540,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/102944\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/102944\/2014"]}]},{"name":"FCT - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["IF\/01078\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/01078\/2013"]}]},{"name":"FCT - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UID\/Multi\/04349\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/04349\/2013"]}]},{"name":"FCT - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UID\/AMB\/50017\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/AMB\/50017\/2013"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LIFE15 ENV\/PT\/000674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LIFE15 ENV\/PT\/000674"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Atmosphere"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the emissions of specific indoor sources usually present in Portuguese dwellings in order to understand their impact on the indoor air quality. With this aim, three typical activities were studied including home heating using two types of fireplaces (open and closed) and biofuels (pinewood and briquettes), cooking styles (frying and boiling) in different types of kitchen appliances, and several levels of bread toasting. The levels of specific pollutants were found to be above the established Portuguese limit values including VOCs, formaldehyde, and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). Although these emissions are transient and short in duration, the resulting concentrations are high and can severely impact the occupants\u2019 daily exposure. Besides promoting good ventilation, the choice of residential appliances with low emissions should be taken into account. In addition, it is important that occupants perform specific activities following the best practices so that their exposure to pollutants is minimized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos9060214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T08:40:39Z","timestamp":1528101639000},"page":"214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Impact of Biomass Home Heating, Cooking Styles, and Bread Toasting on the Indoor Air Quality at Portuguese Dwellings: A Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0856-8448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Canha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"},{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Lage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Galinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Coentro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8506-6679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0668.2004.00273.x","article-title":"On the history of indoor air quality and health","volume":"14","author":"Sundell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.10.238","article-title":"Assessment of indoor air quality in office buildings across Europe\u2014The OFFICAIR study","volume":"579","author":"Mandin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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