{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T14:47:52Z","timestamp":1766155672123,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Setubal"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Audiology Research"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Several questionnaires for the diagnosis and characterization of tinnitus are available in English but there is a need for Portuguese standardized questionnaires for use in research and in clinic. The goals of this study were to translate and culturally adapt the ESIT-SQ (European School for Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Research Screening Questionnaire) to Portuguese, and to validate the questionnaire for clinical use. Methods: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument were performed. The translation stage included the translation and retroversion of the instrument in the languages of interest (English\u2013Portuguese) by three bilingual translators. Subsequently, cross-cultural adaptation was performed involving an Experts Panel (n = 5) and a Patient Panel (n = 4) to evaluate the questionnaire versions obtained after translation and retroversion. Participants completed their evaluation in Microsoft Forms. All ambiguities and uncertainties were addressed by the research team. Validation of the questionnaire involved an ENT specialist (n = 1), health researchers (n = 3), and patients (n = 300). Results: The Portuguese version of the ESIT-SQ (ESIT-SQ-PT) was found to be culturally appropriate, clear, and valid for clinical use. Expert review confirmed strong face validity, with only minor textual adjustments needed. The validation study, involving both online and paper responses, demonstrated good reproducibility and internal consistency across diverse participant profiles. The questionnaire effectively captured a wide range of tinnitus characteristics and associated factors, and reliability analyses confirmed its temporal stability. Overall, the ESIT-SQ-PT proved to be a robust and reliable instrument for assessing tinnitus in Portuguese-speaking populations. Conclusion: The ESIT-SQ in Portuguese (ESIT-SQ-PT), had good face validity, was comprehensible, and was culturally appropriate; thus, it is a valid tool for the screening and assessment of tinnitus and associated symptoms in Portuguese populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres16010002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T14:27:16Z","timestamp":1766154436000},"page":"2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Translation and Validation of the Portuguese Version of European School for Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Research Screening Questionnaire (ESIT-SQ-PT)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ha\u00fala F.","family":"Haider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department, CUF Tejo Hospital, CUF Academic Center, 1350-352 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2314-1950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Solange","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology Bachelor, School of Technologies of Setubal, Polytechnic University of Setubal, 2914-503 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering and Biophysics Master, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Filipa","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Master, School of Health and School of Technologies of Setubal, Polytechnic University of Setubal, 2914-503 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology Bachelor, School of Health and School of Technologies of Setubal, Polytechnic University of Setubal, 2914-503 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Master, School of Health and School of Technologies of Setubal, Polytechnic University of Setubal, 2914-503 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00edlia","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEAUL\u2014Centro de Estat\u00edstica e Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8768-1392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek James","family":"Hoare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre Sciences, Hearing Sciences, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK"},{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University College Cork, T12 EK59 Cork, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Caria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Department, School of Health, Polytechnic University of Setubal, 2914-503 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"},{"name":"BioISI\u2014Instituto de Biosistemas e Ci\u00eancias Integrativas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"663","article-title":"Tinnitus: Diagnosis and Management","volume":"103","author":"Dalrymple","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. 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