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significant impact on the daily lives of millions of people worldwide. Despite the risk of organ rejection or infection, corneal transplantation is currently the only effective treatment. Finding safe and innovative strategies is the main goal of tissue-engineering-based approaches. In this study, the potential of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels produced from marine-derived gelatin and loaded with ascorbic acid (as an enhancer of the biological activity of cells) was evaluated for corneal stromal applications. Marine GelMA was synthesized with a methacrylation degree of 75%, enabling effective photocrosslinking, and hydrogels with or without ascorbic acid were produced, encompassing human keratocytes. All the produced formulations exhibited excellent optical and swelling properties with easy handling as well as structural stability and adequate degradation rates that may allow proper extracellular matrix remodeling by corneal stromal cells. Formulations loaded with 0.5 mg\/mL of ascorbic acid enhanced the biological performance of keratocytes and induced collagen production. These results suggest that, in addition to marine-derived gelatin being suitable for the synthesis of GelMA, the hydrogels produced are promising biomaterials for corneal regeneration applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10010062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T03:27:44Z","timestamp":1672802864000},"page":"62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cell-Laden Marine Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogels Enriched with Ascorbic Acid for Corneal Stroma Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1552-4056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana L.","family":"Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, i3B\u2019s\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Bisodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1102-5372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana C.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, i3B\u2019s\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Bisodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6691-8824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, i3B\u2019s\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Bisodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gabriela S.","family":"Diogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, i3B\u2019s\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Bisodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4296-2529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuel M.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, i3B\u2019s\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Bisodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3061-3954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00e2nia I. B.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, i3B\u2019s\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Bisodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9197-0138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo A.","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, i3B\u2019s\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Bisodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1122-4726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C\/Eduardo Cabello 6, CP36208 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4918-9399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo I.","family":"P\u00e9rez-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Food Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C\/Eduardo Cabello 6, CP36208 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4876-2672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Alaminos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), E18016 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4295-6129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui L.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, i3B\u2019s\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Bisodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8520-603X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago H.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, i3B\u2019s\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Bisodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.12.037","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of the cornea","volume":"37","author":"DelMonte","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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