{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T12:02:12Z","timestamp":1771675332675,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT Ph.D. scholarship","award":["SFRH\/BD\/102710\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/102710\/2014"]}]},{"name":"FCT Ph.D. scholarship","award":["IF\/01285\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/01285\/2015"]}]},{"name":"FCT Ph.D. scholarship","award":["IF\/00115\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00115\/2015"]}]},{"name":"FCT Ph.D. scholarship","award":["EU FP7 M-ERA.NET"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EU FP7 M-ERA.NET"]}]},{"name":"FCT Ph.D. scholarship","award":["POWR.03.02.00-00-I028\/17-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POWR.03.02.00-00-I028\/17-00"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["SFRH\/BD\/102710\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/102710\/2014"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["IF\/01285\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/01285\/2015"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["IF\/00115\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00115\/2015"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["EU FP7 M-ERA.NET"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EU FP7 M-ERA.NET"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["POWR.03.02.00-00-I028\/17-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POWR.03.02.00-00-I028\/17-00"]}]},{"name":"NanoTech4ALS","award":["SFRH\/BD\/102710\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/102710\/2014"]}]},{"name":"NanoTech4ALS","award":["IF\/01285\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/01285\/2015"]}]},{"name":"NanoTech4ALS","award":["IF\/00115\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00115\/2015"]}]},{"name":"NanoTech4ALS","award":["EU FP7 M-ERA.NET"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EU FP7 M-ERA.NET"]}]},{"name":"NanoTech4ALS","award":["POWR.03.02.00-00-I028\/17-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POWR.03.02.00-00-I028\/17-00"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000782","name":"ESF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/102710\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/102710\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000782","name":"ESF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/01285\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/01285\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000782","name":"ESF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00115\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00115\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000782","name":"ESF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EU FP7 M-ERA.NET"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EU FP7 M-ERA.NET"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000782","name":"ESF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POWR.03.02.00-00-I028\/17-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POWR.03.02.00-00-I028\/17-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work aims to engineer a new stable injectable Mn-based methacrylated gellan gum (Mn\/GG-MA) hydrogel for real-time monitored cell delivery into the central nervous system. To enable the hydrogel visualization under Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), GG-MA solutions were supplemented with paramagnetic Mn2+ ions before its ionic crosslink with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). The resulting formulations were stable, detectable by T1-weighted MRI scans and also injectable. Cell-laden hydrogels were prepared using the Mn\/GG-MA formulations, extruded into aCSF for crosslink, and after 7 days of culture, the encapsulated human adipose-derived stem cells remained viable, as assessed by Live\/Dead assay. In vivo tests, using double mutant MBPshi\/shi\/rag2 immunocompromised mice, showed that the injection of Mn\/GG-MA solutions resulted in a continuous and traceable hydrogel, visible on MRI scans. Summing up, the developed formulations are suitable for both non-invasive cell delivery techniques and image-guided neurointerventions, paving the way for new therapeutic procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10040427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T06:15:15Z","timestamp":1679984115000},"page":"427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mn-Based Methacrylated Gellan Gum Hydrogels for MRI-Guided Cell Delivery and Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Vieira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3Bs\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark\u2014Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2013PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Strymecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3205-5949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiza","family":"Stanaszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Silva-Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3Bs\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark\u2014Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2013PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Drela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5755-3608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Fiedorowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Malysz-Cymborska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5261-7975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslaw","family":"Janowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4295-6129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui Lu\u00eds","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3Bs\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark\u2014Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2013PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2168-4328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"\u0141ukomska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3733-3322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Walczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7052-8837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim Miguel","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3Bs\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark\u2014Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2013PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.02.005","article-title":"Transplanted human glial-restricted progenitors can rescue the survival of dysmyelinated mice independent of the production of mature, compact myelin","volume":"291","author":"Lyczek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5740","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-1488-3","article-title":"The Role of Glia in Canine Degenerative Myelopathy: Relevance to Human Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","volume":"56","author":"Golubczyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000882","article-title":"Preclinical Validation of Multilevel Intraparenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in the Porcine Spinal Cord","volume":"77","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002889","article-title":"Transplantation of spinal cord-derived neural stem cells for ALS: Analysis of phase 1 and 2 trials","volume":"87","author":"Glass","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4826407","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4826407","article-title":"Intraparenchymal Neural Stem\/Progenitor Cell Transplantation for Ischemic Stroke Animals: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review","volume":"2018","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem. Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S83","DOI":"10.3727\/096368913X672154","article-title":"Multiple cell transplantation based on an intraparenchymal approach for patients with chronic phase stroke","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Transpl."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11839","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404474101","article-title":"Transplanted human fetal neural stem cells survive, migrate, and differentiate in ischemic rat cerebral cortex","volume":"101","author":"Kelly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310361958","article-title":"Hydrogel matrix to support stem cell survival after brain transplantation in stroke","volume":"24","author":"Zhong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.01.012","article-title":"Stem and Progenitor Cell-Based Therapy of the Central Nervous System: Hopes, Hype, and Wishful Thinking","volume":"18","author":"Goldman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00155","article-title":"The Dark Side of the Force\u2014Constraints and Complications of Cell Therapies for Stroke","volume":"6","author":"Boltze","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-018-0046-3","article-title":"Hydrogel-based scaffolds to support intrathecal stem cell transplantation as a gateway to the spinal cord: Clinical needs, biomaterials, and imaging technologies","volume":"3","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"592","article-title":"Safety, Feasibility of Intravenous and Intrathecal Injection of Autologous Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An Open Label Phase I Clinical Trial","volume":"20","author":"Nabavi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell J."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"313","article-title":"Safety of intrathecal injection of Wharton\u2019s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis therapy, Neural Regen","volume":"14","author":"Barczewska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-007-0748-y","article-title":"Intrathecal application of neuroectodermally converted stem cells into a mouse model of ALS: Limited intraparenchymal migration and survival narrows therapeutic effects","volume":"114","author":"Habisch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neural. Transm."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-015-0535-6","article-title":"Chronic spinal cord injury treated with transplanted autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells tracked by magnetic resonance imaging: A case report","volume":"9","author":"Chotivichit","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20140817","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2014.0817","article-title":"Natural polymers for the microencapsulation of cells","volume":"11","author":"Gasperini","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16490","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34723-x","article-title":"MRI-guided intrathecal transplantation of hydrogel-embedded glial progenitors in large animals","volume":"8","author":"Golubczyk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.05.006","article-title":"Advances in bioinks and in vivo imaging of biomaterials for CNS applications","volume":"95","author":"Oliveira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017170977","article-title":"A Manganese-based Alternative to Gadolinium: Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography, Excretion, Pharmacokinetics, and Metabolism","volume":"286","author":"Gale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/cmmi.493","article-title":"Mn-alginate gels as a novel system for controlled release of Mn2+ in manganese-enhanced MRI","volume":"7","author":"Morch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Contrast Media Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5147","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b13396","article-title":"Bioinspired, Manganese-Chelated Alginate-Polydopamine Nanomaterials for Efficient in Vivo T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":"10","author":"Addisu","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8811","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.8b00964","article-title":"Manganese-Based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Liver Tumors: Structure-Activity Relationships and Lead Candidate Evaluation","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diamond.2021.108590","article-title":"Manganese-grafted detonation nanodiamond, a novel potential MRI contrast agent","volume":"119","author":"Panich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diam. Relat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diamond.2022.109591","article-title":"Suspensions of manganese-grafted nanodiamonds: Preparation, NMR, and MRI study","volume":"131","author":"Panich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diam. Relat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00403","article-title":"Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Overview and Central Nervous System Applications with a Focus on Neurodegeneration","volume":"10","author":"Cloyd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Araszkiewicz, A.M., Oliveira, E.P., Svendsen, T., Drela, K., Rogujski, P., Malysz-Cymborska, I., Fiedorowicz, M., Reis, R.L., Oliveira, J.M., and Walczak, P. (2022). Manganese-Labeled Alginate Hydrogels for Image-Guided Cell Transplantation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052465"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2012.07.005","article-title":"Manganese-induced toxicity in normal and human B lymphocyte cell lines containing a homozygous mutation in parkin","volume":"26","author":"Roth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2010.12.003","article-title":"Manganese is toxic to spiral ganglion neurons and hair cells in vitro","volume":"32","author":"Ding","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2009.0117","article-title":"Gellan gum injectable hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering applications: In vitro studies and preliminary in vivo evaluation","volume":"16","author":"Oliveira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1002\/term.363","article-title":"Gellan gum-based hydrogels for intervertebral disc tissue-engineering applications","volume":"5","author":"Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77996","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA13556G","article-title":"Gellan gum-coated gold nanorods: An intracellular nanosystem for bone tissue engineering","volume":"5","author":"Vieira","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.07.022","article-title":"3D printing of layered brain-like structures using peptide modified gellan gum substrates","volume":"67","author":"Lozano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1039\/C6BM00322B","article-title":"Tissue engineering with gellan gum","volume":"4","author":"Stevens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.07.027","article-title":"A balanced view of the cerebrospinal fluid composition and functions: Focus on adult humans","volume":"273","author":"Spector","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0144-8617(96)00064-1","article-title":"Interactions of paramagnetic metal ions with gellan gum studied by ESR and NMR methods","volume":"30","author":"Kawahara","year":"1996","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-005X(09)80238-5","article-title":"ESR studies of Mn(II) binding to gellan and carrageenan gels","volume":"7","author":"Tsutsumi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5928","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TB00877J","article-title":"Methacrylated gellan gum and hyaluronic acid hydrogel blends for image-guided neurointerventions","volume":"8","author":"Vieira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.10.050","article-title":"Neurotransplantation in mice: The concorde-like position ensures minimal cell leakage and widespread distribution of cells transplanted into the cisterna magna","volume":"430","author":"Janowski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2017.1416147","article-title":"Anterograde Transport in Axons of the Retinal Ganglion Cells and its Relationship to the Intraocular Pressure during Aging in Mice with Hereditary Pigmentary Glaucoma","volume":"43","author":"Fiedorowicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00072","article-title":"Multiscale Imaging Approach for Studying the Central Nervous System: Methodology and Perspective","volume":"14","author":"Fratini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3528","DOI":"10.1039\/b919449p","article-title":"Rheological properties of peptide-based hydrogels for biomedical and other applications","volume":"39","author":"Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Malkin, A.Y., and Isayev, A.I. (2017). Rheology: Concepts, Methods, and Applications, Chemtec Publishing."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2012.01.004","article-title":"Gelation of gellan\u2014A review","volume":"28","author":"Morris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6164","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TB01488G","article-title":"Recent progress in gellan gum hydrogels provided by functionalization strategies","volume":"4","author":"Bacelar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.7b00734","article-title":"Methods to Assess Shear-Thinning Hydrogels for Application As Injectable Biomaterials","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00591","article-title":"Neuroprotective Potential of Cell-Based Therapies in ALS: From Bench to Bedside","volume":"11","author":"Forostyak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24584","article-title":"Intraspinal stem cell transplantation for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"79","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6998","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b00683","article-title":"Chemically Modified Gellan Gum Hydrogels with Tunable Properties for Use as Tissue Engineering Scaffolds","volume":"3","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201200256","article-title":"Biocompatibility evaluation of ionic- and photo-crosslinked methacrylated gellan gum hydrogels: In vitro and in vivo study","volume":"2","author":"Zavan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/0144-8617(87)90004-X","article-title":"Gelation of gellan gum","volume":"7","author":"Grasdalen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1517\/17530059.2010.536836","article-title":"Advances in the application of MRI to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Turner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Med. Diagn."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grolez, G., Moreau, C., Danel-Brunaud, V., Delmaire, C., Lopes, R., Pradat, P.F., El Mendili, M.M., Defebvre, L., and Devos, D. (2016). The value of magnetic resonance imaging as a biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A systematic review. BMC Neurol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-016-0672-6"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00161","article-title":"Manganese-Enhanced MRI: Biological Applications in Neuroscience","volume":"6","author":"Malheiros","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3675627","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3675627","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?","volume":"2019","author":"Gugliandolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.3727\/096368913X673450","article-title":"Transplantation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells delays clinical onset and prolongs life span in ALS mouse model","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.253514","article-title":"Adipose-derived stem cell conditioned medium for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Pre-clinical evidence and potential for clinical application","volume":"14","author":"Walker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."}],"container-title":["Bioengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/10\/4\/427\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:04:52Z","timestamp":1760123092000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/10\/4\/427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["bioengineering10040427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering10040427","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-5354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-5354","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]}}}