{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T10:35:44Z","timestamp":1760524544431,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]],"date-time":"2023-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia\u2014Portugal","award":["UIDB\/00645\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00645\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>From an early age, people are exposed to risk factors that can lead to musculoskeletal disorders like low back pain, neck pain and scoliosis. Medical screenings at an early age might minimize their incidence. The study intends to improve a software that processes images of patients, using specific anatomical sites to obtain risk indicators for possible musculoskeletal problems. This project was divided into four phases. First, markers and body metrics were selected for the postural assessment. Second, the software\u2019s capacity to detect the markers and run optimization tests was evaluated. Third, data were acquired from a population to validate the results using clinical software. Fourth, the classifiers\u2019 performance with the acquired data was analyzed. Green markers with diameters of 20 mm were used to optimize the software. The postural assessment using different types of cameras was conducted via the blob detection method. In the optimization tests, the angle parameters were the most influenced parameters. The data acquired showed that the postural analysis results were statistically equivalent. For the classifiers, the study population had 16 subjects with no evidence of postural problems, 25 with mild evidence and 16 with moderate-to-severe evidence. In general, using a binary classification with the train\/test split validation method provided better results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10101171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T04:56:43Z","timestamp":1696827403000},"page":"1171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["PosturAll: A Posture Assessment Software for Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ana Beatriz","family":"Neves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biof\u00edsica e Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3723-5861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior De Sa\u00fade Da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa, 1300-125 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8048-7896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Matela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biof\u00edsica e Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9047-268X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Atalaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior De Sa\u00fade Da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa, 1300-125 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"583","article-title":"Risk factors of postural defects in children at school age","volume":"20","author":"Latalski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. AAEM"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.6063\/motricidade.9(1).2461","article-title":"Les\u00f5es m\u00fasculo-esquel\u00e9ticas relacionadas com as atividades desportivas em crian\u00e7as e adolescentes: Uma revis\u00e3o das quest\u00f5es emergentes","volume":"9","author":"Pinho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Motricidade"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-162284","article-title":"Postural habits and weight of backpacks of Portuguese adolescents: Are they associated with scoliosis and low back pain?","volume":"54","author":"Minghelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.4081\/reumatismo.2019.1229","article-title":"Prevalence of low back pain and its effect on health-related quality of life in 409 scholar adolescents from the Veneto region","volume":"71","author":"Galozzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reumatismo"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2013.06.003","article-title":"Neck, shoulder and low back pain in secondary schoolchildren in relation to schoolbag carriage: Should the recommended weight limits be gender-specific?","volume":"45","author":"Dianat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-8-28","article-title":"Review for the generalist: Evaluation of low back pain in children and adolescents","volume":"8","author":"Houghton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. Rheumatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.056812","article-title":"Epidemiology of low back pain in children and adolescents","volume":"90","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"324","article-title":"Noninvasive Treatments for Low Back Pain","volume":"96","author":"Barreto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Froud, R., Patterson, S., Eldridge, S., Seale, C., Pincus, T., Rajendran, D., Fossum, C., and Underwood, M. (2014). A systematic review and meta-synthesis of the impact of low back pain on people\u2019s lives. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-50"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"81","article-title":"Lombalgia nos adolescentes: Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de factores de risco psicossociais","volume":"23","author":"Coelho","year":"2005","journal-title":"Estud. Epidemiol\u00f3gico Regi\u00e3o Gd. Lisb."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.7376","article-title":"Understanding Adolescent Low Back Pain from a Multidimensional Perspective: Implications for Management","volume":"47","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-015-0413-2","article-title":"Preventive aspects regarding back pain","volume":"166","author":"Dorner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wien. Med. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.3334","article-title":"Musculoskeletal Low Back Pain in School-aged Children: A Review","volume":"171","author":"MacDonald","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2019.10.008","article-title":"Musculoskeletal spine pain in adolescents: Epidemiology of non-specific neck and low back pain and risk factors","volume":"25","author":"Minghelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00008-8","article-title":"Low back pain in schoolchildren: Occurrence and characteristics","volume":"97","author":"Watson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-45.1.61","article-title":"Low back pain in adolescents: A comparison of clinical outcomes in sports participants and nonparticipants","volume":"45","author":"Fritz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000133644.29390.43","article-title":"Predictive Factors for Neck and Shoulder Pain: A Longitudinal Study in Young Adults","volume":"29","author":"Siivola","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000199958.04073.d9","article-title":"The course of low back pain from adolescence to adulthood: Eight-year follow-up of 9600 twins","volume":"31","author":"Hestbaek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.06.009","article-title":"Survey of chronic pain in Europe: Prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment","volume":"10","author":"Breivik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.2257","article-title":"The effects of backpack loads and spinal stabilization exercises on the dynamic foot pressure of elementary school children with idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.5606\/ArchRheumatol.2019.7181","article-title":"Hypermobility Frequency in School Children: Relationship with Idiopathic Scoliosis, Age, Sex and Musculoskeletal Problems","volume":"34","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000705","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis for the primary care physician: Frequently asked questions","volume":"31","author":"Ghanem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/67458","article-title":"Trunk rotation due to persistence of primitive reflexes in early school-age children","volume":"27","author":"Gieysztor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"173","article-title":"Does the sternum play a role in the aetiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? Preliminary data of a new theory","volume":"22","author":"Kenanidis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hippokratia"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-012-0457-4","article-title":"Epidemiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"7","author":"Konieczny","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Child. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"193","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Diagnosis and management","volume":"89","author":"Horne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.7.FOCUS17297","article-title":"Evaluation and management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A review","volume":"43","author":"Jada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2328-6","article-title":"Loading rate patterns in scoliotic children during gait: The impact of the schoolbag carriage and the importance of its position","volume":"21","author":"Gelalis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1002-0","article-title":"Gait in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Energy cost analysis","volume":"18","author":"Mahaudens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-014-0626-z","article-title":"Non-specific low back pain in adolescents from the south of Portugal: Prevalence and associated factors","volume":"19","author":"Minghelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"76","article-title":"School Bag Weight and the Occurrence of Shoulder, Hand\/Wrist and Low Back Symptoms among Iranian Elementary Schoolchildren","volume":"1","author":"Dianat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Promot. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00586","article-title":"Non-specific Low Back Pain and Postural Control During Quiet Standing\u2014A Systematic Review","volume":"10","author":"Koch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0709-7","article-title":"Persons with recurrent low back pain exhibit a rigid postural control strategy","volume":"17","author":"Brumagne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Soid\u00e1n, J.L., Leir\u00f3s-Rodr\u00edguez, R., Romo-P\u00e9rez, V., and Garc\u00eda-Li\u00f1eira, J. (2020). Accelerometric Assessment of Postural Balance in Children: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11010008"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9054152","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9054152","article-title":"A Study on the Relationship between Postural Control and Pain-Related Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain","volume":"2021","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Res. Manag."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.09.001","article-title":"Effect of a spinal brace on postural control in different sensory conditions in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A preliminary analysis","volume":"41","author":"Gur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0831-6","article-title":"Postural imbalance in non-treated adolescent idiopathic scoliosis at different periods of progression","volume":"18","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200105010-00014","article-title":"Influence of Different Types of Progressive Idiopathic Scoliosis on Static and Dynamic Postural Control","volume":"26","author":"Gauchard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.10.005","article-title":"A systematic review of low back pain cost of illness studies in the United States and internationally","volume":"8","author":"Dagenais","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"(2023, March 28). EuroStat Persons Reporting a Chronic Disease, by Disease, Sex, Age and Educational Attainment Level. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/databrowser\/view\/HLTH{\\_}EHIS{\\_}CD1E{\\_}{\\_}custom{\\_}6017590\/default\/table?lang=en."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica (INE) (2021, January 21). Acidentes de Trabalho e Problemas de Sa\u00fade Relacionados com o Trabalho\u2014M\u00f3dulo ad hoc do Inqu\u00e9rito ao Emprego 2.o trimestre de 2020. Available online: https:\/\/www.ine.pt\/ngt_server\/attachfileu.jsp?look_parentBoui=462695067&att_display=n&att_download=y."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050202","article-title":"Low back pain in a population of school children","volume":"8","author":"Gunzburg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-14-00130","article-title":"Evaluation and Diagnosis of Back Pain in Children and Adolescents","volume":"24","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2014.09.008","article-title":"Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of neck pain","volume":"90","author":"Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2017.1420117","article-title":"Reliability of postural measures in elite badminton players using Posture Pro 8","volume":"34","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiother. Theory Pract."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-019-0109-x","article-title":"App-based multidisciplinary back pain treatment versus combined physiotherapy plus online education: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"2","author":"Toelle","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Digit. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.2196\/rehab.9032","article-title":"Treatment of Low Back Pain with a Digital Multidisciplinary Pain Treatment App: Short-Term Results","volume":"4","author":"Huber","year":"2017","journal-title":"JMIR Rehabil. Assist. Technol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.21037\/mhealth.2017.06.05","article-title":"Safe, sound and desirable: Development of mHealth apps under the stress of rapid life cycles","volume":"3","author":"Albrecht","year":"2017","journal-title":"mHealth"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322010000700005","article-title":"Postural assessment software (PAS\/SAPO): Validation and reliabiliy","volume":"65","author":"Ferreira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2011.05.018","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of postural alignment in young adults based on photographs of anterior, posterior, and lateral views","volume":"34","author":"Ferreira","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Manip. Physiol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ming, A., and Ma, H. (2007, January 9\u201311). A blob detector in color images. Proceedings of the 6th ACM International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval\u2014CIVR \u201907, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.","DOI":"10.1145\/1282280.1282335"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01469346","article-title":"Detecting salient blob-like image structures and their scales with a scale-space primal sketch: A method for focus-of-attention","volume":"11","author":"Lindeberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Bradski, G. (2021, January 07). The OpenCV Library: SimpleBlobDetector Class Reference. Available online: https:\/\/docs.opencv.org\/4.5.1\/d0\/d7a\/classcv_1_1SimpleBlobDetector.html."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.host.2020.10.002","article-title":"Statistical outline of animal home ranges: An application of set estimation","volume":"44","year":"2021","journal-title":"Handb. Stat."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Stark, R.M., and Morris, C.C. (2015). Finite Mathematics: Models and Applications, Wiley. Available online: https:\/\/books.google.pt\/books?id=ZgJyCgAAQBAJ."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"(2022, March 05). CONTEMPLAS GmbH CONTEMPLAS\u2014Professional Motion Analysis Software. Available online: https:\/\/contemplas.com\/en\/motion-analysis\/."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"21","article-title":"Power comparisons of Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Lilliefors and Anderson-Darling tests","volume":"2","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stat. Model. Anal."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Rosner, B. (2015). Fundamentals of Biostatistics, Cengage Learning. Available online: https:\/\/books.google.pt\/books?id=yn4yBgAAQBAJ."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550617697177","article-title":"Equivalence Tests","volume":"8","author":"Lakens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Psychol. Personal. Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370304801108","article-title":"Unicorns Do Exist: A Tutorial on \u201cProving\u201d the Null Hypothesis","volume":"48","author":"Streiner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altay, O., and Ulas, M. (2018, January 22\u201325). Prediction of the autism spectrum disorder diagnosis with linear discriminant analysis classifier and K-nearest neighbor in children. Proceedings of the 2018 6th International Symposium on Digital Forensic and Security (ISDFS), Antalya, Turkey.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISDFS.2018.8355354"},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Berrar, D. (2019). Encyclopedia of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Anguita, D., Ghelardoni, L., Ghio, A., Oneto, L., and Ridella, S. (2012, January 25\u201327). The \u2018K\u2019 in K-fold Cross Validation. Proceedings of the ESANN 2012 European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks, Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning, Bruges, Belgium."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"100125","article-title":"What distinguishes binary from multi-class intrusion detection systems: Observations from experiments","volume":"2","author":"Palshikar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag. Data Insights"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-012-0570-1","article-title":"Analyzing the presence of noise in multi-class problems: Alleviating its influence with the One-vs-One decomposition","volume":"38","author":"Galar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knowl. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-009-9114-9","article-title":"A review on the combination of binary classifiers in multiclass problems","volume":"30","author":"Lorena","year":"2008","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."}],"container-title":["Bioengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/10\/10\/1171\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:03:10Z","timestamp":1760130190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/10\/10\/1171"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["bioengineering10101171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering10101171","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-5354"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2306-5354"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]]}}}