{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T17:50:02Z","timestamp":1772387402238,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]],"date-time":"2024-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["FCT-UIDB\/04730\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT-UIDB\/04730\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["FCT-UIDB\/50014\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT-UIDB\/50014\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetic foot is a serious complication that poses significant risks for diabetic patients. The resulting reduction in protective sensitivity in the plantar region requires early detection to prevent ulceration and ultimately amputation. The primary method employed for evaluating this sensitivity loss is the 10 gf Semmes\u2013Weinstein monofilament test, commonly used as a first-line procedure. However, the lack of calibration in existing devices often introduces decision errors due to unreliable feedback. In this article, the mechanical behavior of a monofilament was analytically modeled, seeking to promote awareness of the impact of different factors on clinical decisions. Furthermore, a new device for the automation of the metrological evaluation of the monofilament is described. Specific testing methodologies, used for the proposed equipment, are also described, creating a solid base for the establishment of future calibration guidelines. The obtained results showed that the tested monofilaments had a very high error compared to the 10 gf declared by the manufacturers. To improve the precision and reliability of assessing the sensitivity loss, the frequent metrological calibration of the monofilament is crucial. The integration of automated verification, simulation capabilities, and precise measurements shows great promise for diabetic patients, reducing the likelihood of adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11090886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T09:56:42Z","timestamp":1725357402000},"page":"886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Calibration and Modeling of the Semmes\u2013Weinstein Monofilament for Diabetic Foot Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5430-0496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Castro-Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIETI, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5673-7306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Pinto-Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIETI, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC TEC\u2014Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4167-4434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul D. S. G.","family":"Campilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIDEM, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024, May 11). Diabetes Fact Sheet. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/diabetes."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation (2021). IDF Diabetes Atlas, International Diabetes Federation. [10th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines on offloading foot ulcers in persons with diabetes (IWGDF 2019 update)","volume":"36","author":"Bus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes\/Metab. Res. 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