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These temporary implants and procedures leave the patient more prone to developing medical device-associated infections, and osteomyelitis associated with trauma is a challenging complication for orthopedists. In recent years, biodegradable materials have gained great importance as temporary medical implant devices, avoiding removal surgery. The purpose of this systematic review was to revise the literature regarding the use of biodegradable bone implants in fracture healing and its impact on the reduction of implant-associated infections. The systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was conducted by searching published studies regarding the in vivo use of biodegradable bone fixation implants and its antibacterial activity. From a total of 667 references, 23 studies were included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Biodegradable orthopedic implants of Mg-Cu, Mg-Zn, and Zn-Ag have shown antibacterial activity, especially in reducing infection burden by MRSA strains in vivo osteomyelitis models. Their ability to prevent and tackle implant-associated infections and to gradually degrade inside the body reduces the need for a second surgery for implant removal, with expectable gains regarding patients\u2019 comfort. Further in vivo studies are mandatory to evaluate the efficiency of these antibacterial biodegradable materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9080409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T21:30:34Z","timestamp":1661203834000},"page":"409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Biodegradable Bone Implants as a New Hope to Reduce Device-Associated Infections\u2014A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2180-0376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 C. C.","family":"Paiva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DPS\u2014Product Systems Development, INEGI\u2014Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1629-523X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria F\u00e1tima","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC\u2014Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2899-6615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Costa-de-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research\u2014CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16727-5","article-title":"Osteomyelitis","volume":"364","author":"Lew","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00084-17","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00084-17","article-title":"Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis: Disease Progression, Treatment Challenges, and Future Directions","volume":"31","author":"Kavanagh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. 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