{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T12:18:48Z","timestamp":1775737128418,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/NEU\/04539\/2019, UIDB\/04539\/2020, UIDP\/04539\/2020 (CIBB) and SFRH\/BD\/136973\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/NEU\/04539\/2019, UIDB\/04539\/2020, UIDP\/04539\/2020 (CIBB) and SFRH\/BD\/136973\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"JABA RECORDATI and Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Urologia","award":["Bolsa de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o JABA RECORDATI Urologia 2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Bolsa de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o JABA RECORDATI Urologia 2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antitumor therapies based on Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) are an emerging medical field. In this work, we evaluated CAP effects on bladder cancer. Two bladder cancer cell lines were used, HT-1376 (stage III) and TCCSUP (stage IV). Cell proliferation assays were performed evaluating metabolic activity (MTT assay) and protein content (SRB assay). Cell viability, cell cycle, and mitochondrial membrane potential (\u0394\u03c8m) were assessed using flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were evaluated by fluorescence. The assays were carried out with different CAP exposure times. For both cell lines, we obtained a significant reduction in metabolic activity and protein content. There was a decrease in cell viability, as well as a cell cycle arrest in S phase. The \u0394\u03c8m was significantly reduced. There was an increase in superoxide and nitric oxide and a decrease in peroxide contents, while GSH content did not change. These results were dependent on the exposure time, with small differences for both cell lines, but overall, they were more pronounced in the TCCSUP cell line. CAP showed to have a promising antitumor effect on bladder cancer, with higher sensitivity for the high-grade cell line.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10010041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T19:55:56Z","timestamp":1610308556000},"page":"41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Cold Atmospheric Plasma, a Novel Approach against Bladder Cancer, with Higher Sensitivity for the High-Grade Cell Line"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8612-0147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar","family":"Tavares-da-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra (CHUC), Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6532-2989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eurico","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7994-4650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana S.","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana R.","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Project Development Office, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU\/e), PO Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Braz-Guilherme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Porto, Faculty of Medicine, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5690-3020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas A.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4185-7871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Abrantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology of Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0015-8604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Caramelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics of Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Silva-Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5205-8939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, ESTeSC, DCBL, Rua 5 de Outubro-SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Arnaldo","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra (CHUC), Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7202-1650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Filomena","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, 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