{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:44:02Z","timestamp":1762177442074,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Overweight and obesity are conditions associated with sedentary lifestyle and accumulation of abdominal fat, determining increased mortality, favoring chronic diseases, and increasing cardiovascular risk. Although the evaluation of body composition and fat distribution are highly relevant, the high cost of the gold standard techniques limits their wide utilization. Therefore, the aim of this work was to explore the relationships between simple anthropometric measures and BIA variables using multivariate linear regression models to estimate body composition and fat distribution in adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, sixty-eight adult individuals (20 males and 48 females) were subjected to bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), anthropometric measurements (waist circumference (WC), neck circumference (NC), mid-arm circumference (MAC)), allowing the calculation of conicity index (C-index), fat mass\/fat-free mass (FM\/FFM) ratios, body mass index (BMI) and body shape index (ABSI). Statistical analyzes were performed with the R program. Nonparametric Statistical tests were applied to compare the characteristics of participants of the groups (normal weight, overweight and obese). For qualitative variables, the Fisher\u2019s exact test was applied, and for quantitative variables, the paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test. To evaluate the linear association between each pair of variables, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated, and Multivariate linear regression models were adjusted using the stepwise variable selection method, with Akaike Information Criterion (p \u2264 0.05). Results: BIA variables with the highest correlations with anthropometric measures were total body water (TBW), body fat percentage (BFP), FM, FFM and FM\/FFM. The multiple linear regression analysis showed, in general, that the same variables can be estimated through simple anthropometric measures. Conclusions: The assessment of fat distribution in the body is desirable for the diagnosis and definition of obesity severity. However, the high cost of the instruments (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, hydrostatic weighing, air displacement plethysmography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance) to assess it, favors the use of BMI in the clinical practice. Nevertheless, BMI does not represent a real fat distribution and body fat percentage. This highlights the relevance of the findings of the current study, since simple anthropometric variables can be used to estimate important BIA variables that are related to fat distribution and body composition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10111209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T08:29:17Z","timestamp":1637310557000},"page":"1209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluation of the Relationships between Simple Anthropometric Measures and Bioelectrical Impedance Assessment Variables with Multivariate Linear Regression Models to Estimate Body Composition and Fat Distribution in Adults: Preliminary Results"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9263-1576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan\u00fabia","family":"da Cunha de S\u00e1-Caputo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20511-010, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Fisiopatologia Cl\u00ednica e Experimental, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20511-010, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Vibra\u00e7\u00f5es Mec\u00e2nicas e Pr\u00e1ticas Integrativas\u2014LAVIMPI, Departamento de Biof\u00edsica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alc\u00e2ntara Gomes and Policl\u00ednica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade Bezerra de Ara\u00fajo, Rio de Janeiro 23052-180, Brazil"},{"name":"Mestrado Profissional em Sa\u00fade, Medicina Laboratorial e Tecnologia Forense, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0056-4984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anelise","family":"Sonza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Fisioterapia e Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias do Movimento Humano, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina\u2014UDESC, Florian\u00f3polis 88035-901, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5491-6060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Coelho-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Fisiopatologia Cl\u00ednica e Experimental, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20511-010, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Vibra\u00e7\u00f5es Mec\u00e2nicas e Pr\u00e1ticas Integrativas\u2014LAVIMPI, Departamento de Biof\u00edsica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alc\u00e2ntara Gomes and Policl\u00ednica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Pessanha-Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Vibra\u00e7\u00f5es Mec\u00e2nicas e Pr\u00e1ticas Integrativas\u2014LAVIMPI, Departamento de Biof\u00edsica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alc\u00e2ntara Gomes and Policl\u00ednica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil"},{"name":"Mestrado Profissional em Sa\u00fade, Medicina Laboratorial e Tecnologia Forense, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Aline Silva","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20511-010, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Vibra\u00e7\u00f5es Mec\u00e2nicas e Pr\u00e1ticas Integrativas\u2014LAVIMPI, Departamento de Biof\u00edsica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alc\u00e2ntara Gomes and Policl\u00ednica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Arlete","family":"Francisca-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade Bezerra de Ara\u00fajo, Rio de Janeiro 23052-180, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Elzi Martins","family":"dos Anjos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Vibra\u00e7\u00f5es Mec\u00e2nicas e Pr\u00e1ticas Integrativas\u2014LAVIMPI, Departamento de Biof\u00edsica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alc\u00e2ntara Gomes and Policl\u00ednica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil"},{"name":"Mestrado Profissional em 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Rezende Bessa Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o do C\u00e9rebro e Cora\u00e7\u00e3o, Itaip\u00fa, Niter\u00f3i, Rio de Janeiro 24342-440, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2155-1381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"da Silva Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o, Faculdade Bezerra de Ara\u00fajo, Rio de Janeiro 23052-180, Brazil"},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o, Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Centro Universit\u00e1rio Serra dos \u00d3rg\u00e3os, Teres\u00f3polis 25964-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Secretaria de Sa\u00fade, Prefeitura Municipal de Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro 25070-005, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7290-0652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinicius Layter","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Estat\u00edstica, Instituto de Matem\u00e1tica e Estat\u00edstica, Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Computacionais, Instituto de Matem\u00e1tica e Estat\u00edstica, Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0467-8826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia Jakelline","family":"Barbosa e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Computacionais, Instituto de Matem\u00e1tica e Estat\u00edstica, Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Marcia Cristina","family":"Moura-Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20511-010, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Vibra\u00e7\u00f5es Mec\u00e2nicas e Pr\u00e1ticas Integrativas\u2014LAVIMPI, Departamento de Biof\u00edsica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alc\u00e2ntara Gomes and Policl\u00ednica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1696-6091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa Amaral","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina 39100-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5366-3754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cristina","family":"Rodrigues Lacerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina 39100-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5406-7903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"da Rocha Pinheiro Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o Aplicada, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20511-010, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6563-8246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aderito","family":"Seixas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade Fernando Pessoa, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Fernando Pessoa, 4200-253 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9620-4133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sartorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20145 Milan & Division of Metabolic Diseases & Auxology, 28824 Verbania, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0227-3884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Redha","family":"Taiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MATIM, Moulin de la Housse, Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CEDEX 02, 51687 Reims, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4718-448X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Bernardo-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Vibra\u00e7\u00f5es Mec\u00e2nicas e Pr\u00e1ticas Integrativas\u2014LAVIMPI, Departamento de Biof\u00edsica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alc\u00e2ntara Gomes and Policl\u00ednica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2021, November 06). 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