{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T02:22:16Z","timestamp":1762050136891,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"U\u00c9vora\u2014UniverCIDADE VII program","award":["CP\/DD\/2022","MS-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP\/DD\/2022","MS-03"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Institute for Sportand Youth\u2014I.P., Support for Sport Activity 2022, Sport Development Program Agreement","award":["CP\/DD\/2022","MS-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP\/DD\/2022","MS-03"]}]},{"name":"Universities Ministry of Spain and the European Union (NextGenerationUE) \u201cAyuda del Programa de Recualificaci\u00f3n del Sistema Universitario Espa\u00f1ol, Modalidad de ayudas Margarita Salas para la formaci\u00f3n de j\u00f3venes doctores\u201d","award":["CP\/DD\/2022","MS-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP\/DD\/2022","MS-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This article aims to verify the agreement between the standard method to determine the heart rate achieved in the ventilatory threshold 1 in the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (VT1) and the mathematical models with exercise intensities suggested by the literature in order to check the most precise for fibromyalgia (FM) patients. Methods: Seventeen women with FM were included in this study. The VT1 was used as the standard method to compare four mathematical models applied in the literature to calculate the exercise intensity in FM patients: the well-known \u201c220 \u2212 age\u201d at 76%, Tanaka predictive equation \u201c208 \u2212 0.7 \u00d7 age\u201d at 76%, the FM model HRMax \u201c209 \u2013 0.85 \u00d7 age\u201d at 76%, and Karvonen Formula at 60%. Bland\u2013Altman analysis and correlation analyses were used to explore agreement and correlation between the standard method and the mathematical models. Results: Significant correlations between the heart rate at the VT1 and the four mathematical estimation models were observed. However, the Bland-Altman analysis only showed agreement between VT1 and \u201c220 \u2212 age\u201d (bias = \u2212114.83 + 0.868 \u00d7 x; 95% LOA = \u2212114.83 + 0.868 \u00d7 x + 1.96 \u00d7 7.46 to \u2212114.83 + 0.868 \u00d7 x \u2212 1.96 \u00d7 7.46, where x is the average between the heart rate obtained in the CPET at VT1 and \u201c220 \u2212 age\u201d, in this case 129.15; p = 0.519) and \u201c209 \u2212 0.85 \u00d7 age\u201d(bias = \u2212129.58 + 1.024 \u00d7 x; 95% LOA = \u2212129.58 + 1.024 \u00d7 x + 1.96 \u00d7 6.619 to \u2212129.58 + 1.024 \u00d7 x \u2212 1.96 \u00d7 6.619, where x is the average between the heart rate obtained in the CPET at VT1 and \u201c209 \u2212 0.85 \u00d7 age\u201d, in this case 127.30; p = 0.403). Conclusions: The well-known predictive equation \u201c220 \u2212 age\u201d and the FM model HRMax (\u201c209 \u2212 0.85 \u00d7 age\u201d) showed agreement with the standard method (VT1), revealing that it is a precise model to calculate the exercise intensity in sedentary FM patients. However, proportional bias has been detected in all the mathematical models, with a higher heart rate obtained in CPET than obtained in the mathematical model. The chronotropic incompetence observed in people with FM (inability to increase heart rate with increasing exercise intensities) could explain why methods that tend to underestimate the HRmax in the general population fit better in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11050704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T08:21:25Z","timestamp":1651652485000},"page":"704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["What Mathematical Models Are Accurate for Prescribing Aerobic Exercise in Women with Fibromyalgia?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0784-1753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santos","family":"Villafaina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s\/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Desporto e Sa\u00fade, Escola de Sa\u00fade e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 Evora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Clarissa","family":"Biehl-Printes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 6681, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5254-7409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Parraca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desporto e Sa\u00fade, Escola de Sa\u00fade e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 Evora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of \u00c9vora, 7005 Evora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fabiane","family":"de Oliveira Brauner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 6681, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7780-3942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Tomas-Carus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desporto e Sa\u00fade, Escola de Sa\u00fade e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 Evora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of \u00c9vora, 7005 Evora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330203","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia","volume":"33","author":"Wolfe","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum. 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Reumatol."}],"container-title":["Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/11\/5\/704\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:05:58Z","timestamp":1760137558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/11\/5\/704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["biology11050704"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology11050704","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-7737"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2079-7737"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]}}}