{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T19:52:01Z","timestamp":1775073121974,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the effects of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) intervention on the physical fitness, hormonal and antioxidant factors of adult male soccer players. Methods: A randomized controlled study design was implemented. Eighteen soccer players (age: 20.3 \u00b1 0.66 years; stature: 174.0 \u00b1 6.01 cm; body mass: 69.1 \u00b1 6.4 kg; body mass index: 22.8 \u00b1 1.6 kg\/m2) voluntarily participated in this study. Players were assessed before and after an intervention lasting 8 weeks, with three training sessions a week. Assessments of physical fitness included the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIRT1), 10-, 20-, and 30 m sprint time (ST), running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) and change-of-direction time (COD). Hormonal tests included cortisol, testosterone and growth hormone (GH), whereas the antioxidant assessment included superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH). Results: Between-group analysis revealed no significant differences at baseline, whereas it revealed that HIRT presented significant better results than the control group on YYIRT (p = 0.032), 10 m ST (p = 0.041), 20 m ST (p = 0.040), 30 m ST (p = 0.044), RAST (p = 0.013), and COD (p = 0.031) after the intervention period. The within group analysis revealed that the HIRT group significantly improved the YYIRT1 (p &lt; 0.001), VO2max (p &lt; 0.001), 10 m ST (p &lt; 0.001), 20 m ST (p = 0.006), 30 m ST (p &lt; 0.001), RAST (p &lt; 0.001) and COD (p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, HIRT group significantly reduced the cortisol (p &lt; 0.001) and MDA (p = 0.021), whereas it significantly increased the GH (p &lt; 0.001), testosterone (p &lt; 0.001), SOD (p = 0.009) and GSH (p = 0.005). Conclusions: The HIRT is effective for improving physical fitness, revealing significant better adaptations than controls. Moreover, hormonal and antioxidant adaptations are also confirmed after HIRT intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11060909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T22:00:38Z","timestamp":1655157638000},"page":"909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Physical Fitness, Hormonal and Antioxidant Factors: A Randomized Controlled Study Conducted on Young Adult Male Soccer Players"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1772-1272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Filipa","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun\u2019\u00c1lvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melga\u00e7o, Portugal"},{"name":"The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hosein","family":"Aghidemand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Q756+R4F Dehkadeh-ye-Olympic, Tehran 14896-84511, Iran"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2330-1477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoud","family":"Kharatzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Scientist, Sepahan Football Club, Isfahan 81887-78473, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-7344, Iran"}]},{"given":"Vahab Khan","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Q756+R4F Dehkadeh-ye-Olympic, Tehran 14896-84511, Iran"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6671-6229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santar\u00e9m, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"},{"name":"Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9813-2842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe Manuel","family":"Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun\u2019\u00c1lvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melga\u00e7o, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Delega\u00e7\u00e3o da Covilh\u00e3, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4100-8765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgian","family":"Badicu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, University Transilvania of Brasov, 500068 Brasov, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8512-7278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenia","family":"Murawska-Cia\u0142owicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200535060-00004","article-title":"Physiology of soccer: An update","volume":"35","author":"Stolen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sport. 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