{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:31:10Z","timestamp":1762079470349,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10001C_189407","51NF40-185901","UIDB\/50009\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10001C_189407","51NF40-185901","UIDB\/50009\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"LARSYS\u2014the Portuguese national funding agency for science, research, and technology (FCT)","award":["10001C_189407","51NF40-185901","UIDB\/50009\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10001C_189407","51NF40-185901","UIDB\/50009\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Physical activity and exercise contribute to the accumulation of cognitive reserve, which is instrumental for preserving cognitive health in old age. In a large sample of 701 older adults (mean age = 70.36 years), we investigated whether the relationship between having experienced a fall in the past and lower performance in cognitive functioning was mediated via less physical activity engagement as a cognitive reserve contributor. General cognition was assessed using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), long-term memory using a word-pair delayed recall test and working memory using a backward digit-span test. In face-to-face interviews, individuals reported information on falls during the past 12 months and their habitual physical activity engagement. Our analyses demonstrated that the relationship between having experienced a fall in the past and lower performance in the cognitive functioning measures was partly mediated (by 16.3% for general cognition, 30.6% for long-term memory, and 33.1% for working memory, respectively) via less physical activity engagement. In conclusion, we suggest as a core bio-psychological mechanism that experiencing a fall at an older age is a critical life event that hinders sufficient physical activity engagement and thereby impedes cognitive reserve build-up, resulting in lower cognitive functioning outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11121754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T01:44:46Z","timestamp":1669945486000},"page":"1754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Relation of Having Experienced a Fall in the Past to Lower Cognitive Functioning in Old Age Is Mediated via Less Physical Activity Engagement as Cognitive Reserve Contributor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Ihle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES\u2014Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0927-692X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9lvio R.","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Robotics and Engineering Systems (LARSYS), Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bruna R.","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Laboratory of Robotics and Engineering Systems (LARSYS), Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"Regional Directorate of Health, Secretary of Health of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, 9004-515 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"Saint Joseph of Cluny Higher School of Nursing, 9050-535 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9850-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adilson","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-020 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Priscila","family":"Marconcin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"KinesioLab, Research Unit in Human Movement Analysis, Piaget Institute, 2805-059 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3577-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo de Maio","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do S\u00e3o Francisco, 56304-917 Petrolina, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7237-9767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2369-4557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jefferson","family":"Jurema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, 69065-001 Manaus, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Tin\u00f4co","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordination of Physical Education and Sport, Federal Institute of Science and Technology Education of Amazonas, 69020-120 Manaus, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Kliegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES\u2014Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-020-00995-8","article-title":"The impact of physical activity on healthy ageing trajectories: Evidence from eight cohort studies","volume":"17","author":"Daskalopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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