{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T15:48:25Z","timestamp":1778600905905,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":245,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028214\/PTDC\/MED-NEU\/28214\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028214\/PTDC\/MED-NEU\/28214\/2017"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["EXPL\/MED-FSL\/0033\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXPL\/MED-FSL\/0033\/2021"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020+LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020+LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029369\/PTDC\/MED-FAR\/29369\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029369\/PTDC\/MED-FAR\/29369\/2017"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020\u2014Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization, and the Portuguese national funds","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020\u2014Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization, and the Portuguese national funds","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028214\/PTDC\/MED-NEU\/28214\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028214\/PTDC\/MED-NEU\/28214\/2017"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020\u2014Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization, and the Portuguese national funds","award":["EXPL\/MED-FSL\/0033\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXPL\/MED-FSL\/0033\/2021"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020\u2014Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization, and the Portuguese national funds","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020+LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020+LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020\u2014Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization, and the Portuguese national funds","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029369\/PTDC\/MED-FAR\/29369\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029369\/PTDC\/MED-FAR\/29369\/2017"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028214\/PTDC\/MED-NEU\/28214\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028214\/PTDC\/MED-NEU\/28214\/2017"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization","award":["EXPL\/MED-FSL\/0033\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXPL\/MED-FSL\/0033\/2021"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020+LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020+LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029369\/PTDC\/MED-FAR\/29369\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029369\/PTDC\/MED-FAR\/29369\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mitochondria interact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through contacts called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), which control several processes, such as the ER stress response, mitochondrial and ER dynamics, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. MAMs represent an important platform for transport of non-vesicular phospholipids and cholesterol. Therefore, this region is highly enriched in proteins involved in lipid metabolism, including the enzymes that catalyze esterification of cholesterol into cholesteryl esters (CE) and synthesis of triacylglycerols (TAG) from fatty acids (FAs), which are then stored in lipid droplets (LDs). LDs, through contact with other organelles, prevent the toxic consequences of accumulation of unesterified (free) lipids, including lipotoxicity and oxidative stress, and serve as lipid reservoirs that can be used under multiple metabolic and physiological conditions. The LDs break down by autophagy releases of stored lipids for energy production and synthesis of membrane components and other macromolecules. Pathological lipid deposition and autophagy disruption have both been reported to occur in several neurodegenerative diseases, supporting that lipid metabolism alterations are major players in neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of MAMs structure and function, focusing on their roles in lipid metabolism and the importance of autophagy in LDs metabolism, as well as the changes that occur in neurogenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12030414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T02:01:47Z","timestamp":1678327307000},"page":"414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["A Perspective on the Link between Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs) and Lipid Droplets Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7872-2343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB\u2014Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"IIIUC\u2014Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CACC\u2014Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5357-3601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & CESAM, Department of Chemistry & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5177-6747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula I.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB\u2014Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CACC\u2014Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6630-5056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia F.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB\u2014Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CACC\u2014Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2018.04.014","article-title":"Plastic mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts use chaperones and tethers to mould their structure and signaling","volume":"53","author":"Simmen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2016.52","article-title":"The coming of age of the mitochondria-ER contact: A matter of thickness","volume":"23","author":"Giacomello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-020-00705-8","article-title":"ER-mitochondria contact sites in neurodegeneration: Genetic screening approaches to investigate novel disease mechanisms","volume":"28","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-017-0125-1","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in diseases of motor and sensory neurons: A broken relationship?","volume":"9","author":"Chrast","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47928","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201947928","article-title":"Metabolic implications of organelle\u2013mitochondria communication","volume":"20","author":"Zorzano","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2014.03.009","article-title":"New functions of mitochondria associated membranes in cellular signaling","volume":"1843","author":"Verfaillie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2018.10.016","article-title":"Calcium, mitochondria and cell metabolism: A functional triangle in bioenergetics","volume":"1866","author":"Rossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szyma\u0144ski, J., Janikiewicz, J., Michalska, B., Patalas-Krawczyk, P., Perrone, M., Zi\u00f3\u0142kowski, W., Duszy\u0144ski, J., Pinton, P., Dobrzy\u0144, A., and Wi\u0119ckowski, M.R. (2017). Interaction of mitochondria with the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane in calcium homeostasis, lipid trafficking and mitochondrial structure. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071576"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.615856","article-title":"Lipid metabolism at membrane contacts: Dynamics and functions beyond lipid homeostasis","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00428","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum\u2013mitochondria contact sites and neurodegeneration","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M013003","article-title":"DGAT enzymes are required for triacylglycerol synthesis and lipid droplets in adipocytes","volume":"52","author":"Harris","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2017.06.003","article-title":"DGAT1-dependent lipid droplet biogenesis protects mitochondrial function during starvation-induced autophagy","volume":"42","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2017.06.005","article-title":"A different kind of love-lipid droplet contact sites","volume":"1862","author":"Schuldiner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta. Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.11.005","article-title":"Lipid droplets finally get a little R-E-S-P-E-C-T","volume":"139","author":"Farese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0180-9","article-title":"The functional universe of membrane contact sites","volume":"21","author":"Prinz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01051","article-title":"Neurodegeneration: The central role for ER contacts in neuronal function and axonopathy, lessons from hereditary spastic paraplegias and related diseases","volume":"13","author":"Fowler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0085-z","article-title":"Dynamics and functions of lipid droplets","volume":"20","author":"Olzmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2023418118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2023418118","article-title":"Autophagy deficiency modulates microglial lipid homeostasis and aggravates tau pathology and spreading","volume":"118","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00060","article-title":"Lipid processing in the brain: A key regulator of systemic metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Bruce","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00742","article-title":"Lipid droplets in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"14","author":"Farmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04593-3","article-title":"The regulation, function, and role of lipophagy, a form of selective autophagy, in metabolic disorders","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2011.12.008","article-title":"Linking mitochondrial bioenergetics to insulin resistance via redox biology","volume":"23","author":"Neufer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.027","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation triggers neurodegeneration: A redox proteomics view into the Alzheimer disease brain","volume":"62","author":"Sultana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00331868","article-title":"Continuities between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in the mammalian ovary","volume":"97","author":"Ruby","year":"1969","journal-title":"Z. F\u00fcr Zellforsch. Und Mikrosk. Anat."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)39106-9","article-title":"Phospholipid synthesis in a membrane fraction associated with mitochondria","volume":"265","author":"Vance","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.07.011","article-title":"ER-to-mitochondria miscommunication and metabolic diseases","volume":"1852","author":"Mera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16017","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1408061111","article-title":"A mitofusin-2\u2013dependent inactivating cleavage of Opa1 links changes in mitochondria cristae and ER contacts in the postprandial liver","volume":"111","author":"Sood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.6223","article-title":"Mitochondria-associated membranes: Composition, molecular mechanisms, and physiopathological implications","volume":"22","author":"Giorgi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200608073","article-title":"Chaperone-mediated coupling of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial Ca2+ channels","volume":"175","author":"Szabadkai","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr559","article-title":"VAPB interacts with the mitochondrial protein PTPIP51 to regulate calcium homeostasis","volume":"21","author":"Stoica","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2010.346","article-title":"Fis1 and Bap31 bridge the mitochondria-ER interface to establish a platform for apoptosis induction","volume":"30","author":"Iwasawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07534","article-title":"Mitofusin 2 tethers endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria","volume":"456","author":"Scorrano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.06.007","article-title":"Essential regulation of cell bioenergetics by constitutive InsP3 receptor Ca2+ transfer to mitochondria","volume":"142","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mori, T., Hayashi, T., Hayashi, E., and Su, T.-P. (2013). Sigma-1 receptor chaperone at the ER-mitochondrion interface mediates the mitochondrion-ER-nucleus signaling for cellular survival. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076941"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.08.036","article-title":"Sigma-1 receptor chaperones at the ER-mitochondrion interface regulate Ca2+ signaling and cell survival","volume":"131","author":"Hayashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2011.92","article-title":"VDAC1 selectively transfers apoptotic Ca2+ signals to mitochondria","volume":"19","author":"Bononi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)85468-6","article-title":"Cloning and expression of a novel phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. A specific biochemical and cytological marker for a unique membrane fraction in rat liver","volume":"268","author":"Cui","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34534","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M002865200","article-title":"Phosphatidylserine synthase-1 and -2 are localized to mitochondria-associated membranes","volume":"275","author":"Stone","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2019.106363","article-title":"Role of acyl-CoA synthetase ACSL4 in arachidonic acid metabolism","volume":"144","author":"Kuwata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2018.04.011","article-title":"Phospholipid transport protein function at organelle contact sites","volume":"53","author":"Cockcroft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"1000","article-title":"The interface between ER and mitochondria: Molecular compositions and functions","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cells"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201744331","article-title":"Lipids at membrane contact sites: Cell signaling and ion transport","volume":"18","author":"Muallem","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5370.1763","article-title":"Close contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum as determinants of mitochondrial Ca2+ responses","volume":"280","author":"Rizzuto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200604016","article-title":"Structural and functional features and significance of the physical linkage between ER and mitochondria","volume":"174","author":"Renken","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.06.029","article-title":"Imaging interorganelle contacts and local calcium dynamics at the ER-mitochondrial interface","volume":"39","author":"Roy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2015.03.007","article-title":"Generation and functions of second messengers microdomains","volume":"58","author":"Filadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13269","article-title":"Structure of a lipid-bound extended synaptotagmin indicates a role in lipid transfer","volume":"510","author":"Schauder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4106","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2012.202","article-title":"Upregulated function of mitochondria-associated ER membranes in Alzheimer disease","volume":"31","author":"Tambini","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.12.022","article-title":"The role of cholesterol in the association of endoplasmic reticulum membranes with mitochondria","volume":"417","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17993","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.102988","article-title":"Identification and characterization of murine mitochondria-associated neutral sphingomyelinase (MA-nSMase), the mammalian sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 5","volume":"285","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20031819","article-title":"Subcellular compartmentalization of ceramide metabolism: MAM (mitochondria-associated membrane) and\/or mitochondria?","volume":"382","author":"Bionda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M700480-JLR200","article-title":"Ceramide synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum can permeabilize mitochondria to proapoptotic proteins","volume":"49","author":"Stiban","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.109.062539","article-title":"Detergent-resistant microdomains determine the localization of \u03c3-1 receptors to the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria junction","volume":"77","author":"Hayashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1160971","article-title":"Evidence for the involvement of lipid rafts localized at the ER-mitochondria associated membranes in autophagosome formation","volume":"12","author":"Garofalo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2009.10.021","article-title":"GM1-ganglioside accumulation at the mitochondria-associated ER membranes links ER stress to Ca2+-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis","volume":"36","author":"Sano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2019.52.2.033","article-title":"Acid sphingomyelinase-mediated blood-brain barrier disruption in aging","volume":"52","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2015.07.008","article-title":"Inhibitors of the sphingomyelin cycle: Sphingomyelin synthases and sphingomyelinases","volume":"197","author":"Adada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0216390","article-title":"Cholesterol, lipid rafts, and disease","volume":"110","author":"Simons","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20132451","article-title":"Acid sphingomyelinase modulates the autophagic process by controlling lysosomal biogenesis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"211","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828f180e","article-title":"The p.L302P mutation in the lysosomal enzyme gene SMPD1 is a risk factor for Parkinson disease","volume":"80","author":"Ozelius","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.03060","article-title":"Erlin-1 and erlin-2 are novel members of the prohibitin family of proteins that define lipid-raft-like domains of the ER","volume":"119","author":"Browman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.10.008","article-title":"Switch-like control of SREBP-2 transport triggered by small changes in ER cholesterol: A delicate balance","volume":"8","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201305076","article-title":"Erlins restrict SREBP activation in the ER and regulate cellular cholesterol homeostasis","volume":"203","author":"Huber","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1834207","article-title":"Raft-like lipid microdomains drive autophagy initiation via AMBRA1-ERLIN1 molecular association within MAMs","volume":"17","author":"Manganelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200306000-00008","article-title":"Lipotoxicity: When tissues overeat","volume":"14","author":"Schaffer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arroyave-Ospina, J.C., Wu, Z., Geng, Y., and Moshage, H. (2021). Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Implications for prevention and therapy. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020174"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102289","article-title":"Lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in the crop tissues of male and female pigeons during incubation and chick-rearing periods","volume":"102","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-016-4160-y","article-title":"Free fatty acids increase intracellular lipid accumulation and oxidative stress by modulating PPAR\u03b1 and SREBP-1c in L-02 cells","volume":"51","author":"Qin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0630588100","article-title":"Triglyceride accumulation protects against fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity","volume":"100","author":"Listenberger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.09.012","article-title":"Sequestration of fatty acids in triglycerides prevents endoplasmic reticulum stress in an in vitro model of cardiomyocyte lipotoxicity","volume":"1841","author":"Bosma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071813-105410","article-title":"The perilipins: Major cytosolic lipid droplet-associated proteins and their roles in cellular lipid storage, mobilization, and systemic homeostasis","volume":"36","author":"Kimmel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2008.05.009","article-title":"Cell biology of lipid droplets","volume":"20","author":"Thiele","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2009.09.024","article-title":"Acyl-CoA synthesis, lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity","volume":"1801","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"Watkins, P.A. (2013). Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26745","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M101795200","article-title":"ATP-independent fatty acyl-coenzyme A synthesis from phospholipid","volume":"276","author":"Yamashita","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16582","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.16582","article-title":"Seipin is required for converting nascent to mature lipid droplets","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E14-08-1303","article-title":"Seipin performs dissectible functions in promoting lipid droplet biogenesis and regulating droplet morphology","volume":"26","author":"Cartwright","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2019.100989","article-title":"The biogenesis of lipid droplets: Lipids take center stage","volume":"75","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5352","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M805768200","article-title":"The endoplasmic reticulum enzyme DGAT2 is found in mitochondria-associated membranes and has a mitochondrial targeting signal that promotes its association with mitochondria","volume":"284","author":"Stone","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.110213","article-title":"Seipin localizes at endoplasmic-reticulum-mitochondria contact sites to control mitochondrial calcium import and metabolism in adipocytes","volume":"38","author":"Combot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2015.01.029","article-title":"Fatty acid trafficking in starved cells: Regulation by lipid droplet lipolysis, autophagy, and mitochondrial fusion dynamics","volume":"32","author":"Rambold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2013.01.013","article-title":"Triacylglycerol synthesis enzymes mediate lipid droplet growth by relocalizing from the ER to lipid droplets","volume":"24","author":"Wilfling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_83","unstructured":"Yang, H., and Liu, J. (2021). Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2021.08.010","article-title":"Lipophagy: A new player in CNS disorders","volume":"32","author":"Haidar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07976","article-title":"Autophagy regulates lipid metabolism","volume":"458","author":"Singh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7176","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8176","article-title":"AMPK activation promotes lipid droplet dispersion on detyrosinated microtubules to increase mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation","volume":"6","author":"Herms","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.003","article-title":"Mitochondria bound to lipid droplets have unique bioenergetics, composition, and dynamics that support lipid droplet expansion","volume":"27","author":"Benador","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-011-1061-y","article-title":"Interactomic study on interaction between lipid droplets and mitochondria","volume":"2","author":"Pu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.09.011","article-title":"MIGA2 links mitochondria, the ER, and lipid droplets and promotes de novo lipogenesis in adipocytes","volume":"76","author":"Freyre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smoli\u010d, T., Zorec, R., and Vardjan, N. (2021). Pathophysiology of Lipid Droplets in Neuroglia. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11010022"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.03191","article-title":"Adipophilin-enriched domains in the ER membrane are sites of lipid droplet biogenesis","volume":"119","author":"Robenek","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56584","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.56584","article-title":"Miga-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites regulate neuronal homeostasis","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M017939","article-title":"Perilipin 5, a lipid droplet-associated protein, provides physical and metabolic linkage to mitochondria","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201694914","article-title":"Mfn2 is critical for brown adipose tissue thermogenic function","volume":"36","author":"Boutant","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23978","article-title":"Astrocytes in stress accumulate lipid droplets","volume":"69","author":"Horvat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146484","article-title":"Oleic acid is a potent inducer for lipid droplet accumulation through its esterification to glycerol by diacylglycerol acyltransferase in primary cortical astrocytes","volume":"1725","author":"Nakajima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.09.020","article-title":"Antioxidant role for lipid droplets in a stem cell niche of Drosophila","volume":"163","author":"Bailey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-017-0521-7","article-title":"Lipid droplets in health and disease","volume":"16","author":"Onal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251525642091089","DOI":"10.1177\/2515256420910892","article-title":"Lipid droplet contacts with autophagosomes, lysosomes, and other degradative vesicles","volume":"3","author":"Schott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contact"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11910","article-title":"Autophagosomes form at ER-mitochondria contact sites","volume":"495","author":"Hamasaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00595","article-title":"Mitochondria-associated ER membranes\u2014The origin site of autophagy","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leal, N.S., Dentoni, G., Schreiner, B., Naia, L., Piras, A., Graff, C., Cattaneo, A., Meli, G., Hamasaki, M., and Nilsson, P. (2020). Amyloid \u0392-peptide increases mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact altering mitochondrial function and autophagosome formation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related models. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9122552"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.12.038","article-title":"The ER-mitochondria tethering complex VAPB-PTPIP51 regulates autophagy","volume":"27","author":"Paillusson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.07.036","article-title":"TOM40 Targets Atg2 to Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes for Phagophore Expansion","volume":"28","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leal, N.S., and Martins, L.M. (2021). Mind the gap: Mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum in neurodegenerative diseases. Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9020227"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.19385","article-title":"A role for Atg8-PE deconjugation in autophagosome biogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Nair","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M505888200","article-title":"Phosphatidylserine in addition to phosphatidylethanolamine is an in vitro target of the mammalian Atg8 modifiers, LC3, GABARAP, and GATE-16","volume":"281","author":"Sou","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2014.11.050","article-title":"Storage lipid synthesis is necessary for autophagy induced by nitrogen starvation","volume":"589","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201490315","article-title":"Lipid droplets and their component triglycerides and steryl esters regulate autophagosome biogenesis","volume":"34","author":"Shpilka","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2018.1537769","article-title":"MTOR-independent autophagy induced by interrupted endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial Ca2+ communication: A dead end in cancer cells","volume":"15","author":"Lovy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7938","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27988","article-title":"Lipophagy in nonliver tissues and some related diseases: Pathogenic and therapeutic implications","volume":"234","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3166","article-title":"Degradation of lipid droplet-associated proteins by chaperone-mediated autophagy facilitates lipolysis","volume":"17","author":"Kaushik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0001-6","article-title":"The coming of age of chaperone-mediated autophagy","volume":"19","author":"Kaushik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.10.008","article-title":"Autophagy in the CNS and periphery coordinate lipophagy and lipolysis in the brown adipose tissue and liver","volume":"23","author":"Sahu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.06.009","article-title":"Deficient chaperone-mediated autophagy in liver leads to metabolic dysregulation","volume":"20","author":"Schneider","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.045849","article-title":"Coatomer-dependent protein delivery to lipid droplets","volume":"122","author":"Soni","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201803153","article-title":"Lipid droplet size directs lipolysis and lipophagy catabolism in hepatocytes","volume":"218","author":"Schott","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.03.026","article-title":"ATGL promotes autophagy\/lipophagy via SIRT1 to control hepatic lipid droplet catabolism","volume":"19","author":"Sathyanarayan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200808041","article-title":"A role for ubiquitin ligases and Spartin\/SPG20 in lipid droplet turnover","volume":"184","author":"Eastman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hooper, C., Puttamadappa, S.S., Loring, Z., Shekhtman, A., and Bakowska, J.C. (2010). Spartin activates atrophin-1-interacting protein 4 (AIP4) E3 ubiquitin ligase and promotes ubiquitination of adipophilin on lipid droplets. BMC Biol., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-8-72"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12526","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302455110","article-title":"mTOR complex 2-Akt signaling at mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAM) regulates mitochondrial physiology","volume":"110","author":"Betz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.539","article-title":"Genome-wide shRNA screen reveals increased mitochondrial dependence upon mTORC2 addiction","volume":"30","author":"Colombi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7805","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07805","article-title":"Glial \u03b2-oxidation regulates Drosophila energy metabolism","volume":"5","author":"Schulz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.01.013","article-title":"Lipid sensing and insulin resistance in the brain","volume":"15","author":"Yue","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1201","article-title":"Hypothalamic sensing of circulating fatty acids is required for glucose homeostasis","volume":"11","author":"Lam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-0602-4_17","article-title":"Autophagy and Lipid Metabolism","volume":"1206","author":"Khawar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.10.009","article-title":"Rewiring neuronal glycerolipid metabolism determines the extent of axon regeneration","volume":"105","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wat, L.W., Chao, C., Bartlett, R., Buchanan, J.L., Millington, J.W., Chih, H.J., Chowdhury, Z.S., Biswas, P., Huang, V., and Shin, L.J. (2020). A role for triglyceride lipase brummer in the regulation of sex differences in Drosophila fat storage and breakdown. PLoS Biol., 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000595"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.7b01028","article-title":"Functional contribution of the spastic paraplegia-related triglyceride hydrolase DDHD2 to the formation and content of lipid droplets","volume":"57","author":"Inloes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.04.001","article-title":"Neuron-astrocyte metabolic coupling protects against activity-induced fatty acid toxicity","volume":"177","author":"Ioannou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2528","article-title":"Cargo recognition failure is responsible for inefficient autophagy in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Talloczy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.06.008","article-title":"Autophagy in hypothalamic AgRP neurons regulates food intake and energy balance","volume":"14","author":"Kaushik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, Y., Tan, Y., Chen, L., Liu, Y., and Ren, Z. (2018). Reactive oxygen species induces lipid droplet accumulation in HepG2 cells by increasing Perilipin 2 expression. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113445"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.06.121","article-title":"Oxidative stress triggers lipid droplet accumulation in primary cultured hepatocytes by activating fatty acid synthesis","volume":"464","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327167","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/327167","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction induces formation of lipid droplets as a generalized response to stress","volume":"2013","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.128","article-title":"Why does brain metabolism not favor burning of fatty acids to provide energy? Reflections on disadvantages of the use of free fatty acids as fuel for brain","volume":"33","author":"Reiser","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0566-1","article-title":"Lipid-droplet-accumulating microglia represent a dysfunctional and proinflammatory state in the aging brain","volume":"23","author":"Marschallinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19860","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906048106","article-title":"Adipose-specific deletion of autophagy-related gene 7 (atg7) in mice reveals a role in adipogenesis","volume":"106","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071813-105336","article-title":"Autophagy and Lipid Droplets in the Liver","volume":"35","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00255","article-title":"Association between autophagy and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"12","author":"Fujikake","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2015.08.001","article-title":"Aberrant lipid metabolism in the forebrain niche suppresses adult neural stem cell proliferation in an animal model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Hamilton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a006296","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006296","article-title":"The genetics of Alzheimer disease","volume":"2","author":"Tanzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"ref_143","first-page":"1001","article-title":"Increased lysophosphatidylethanolamine and diacylglycerol levels in Alzheimer\u2019s disease plasma","volume":"1","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"JSM Alzheimer\u2019s Dis. Relat. Dement."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2014.07.075","article-title":"Application of a novel metabolomic approach based on atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry using flow injection analysis for the study of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"131","year":"2015","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2678","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.274142","article-title":"Comparative lipidomic analysis of mouse and Human brain with Alzheimer disease","volume":"287","author":"Chan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2015.18","article-title":"Non-targeted lipidomics of CSF and frontal cortex grey and white matter in control, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease subjects","volume":"27","author":"Wood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.025","article-title":"Brain lipidomes of subcortical ischemic vascular dementia and mixed dementia","volume":"35","author":"Lam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-12-68","article-title":"Lipidomic analysis of brain tissues and plasma in a mouse model expressing mutated human amyloid precursor protein\/tau for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Tajima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.12.013","article-title":"Cholesterol metabolism is a druggable axis that independently regulates tau and amyloid-\u03b2 in iPSC-derived Alzheimer\u2019s disease neurons","volume":"24","author":"Langness","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9007","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.912862","article-title":"Silencing the ACAT1 gene in Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells inhibits the expression of cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX2) and reduces \u03b2-amyloid-induced toxicity due to activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and ERK","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1001-905","article-title":"Acyl-coenzyme A: Cholesterol acyltransferase modulates the generation of the amyloid \u03b2-peptide","volume":"3","author":"Puglielli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.08.043","article-title":"The ACAT inhibitor CP-113,818 markedly reduces amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"44","author":"Huttunen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181e77ed9","article-title":"The acyl-coenzyme A: Cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor CI-1011 reverses diffuse brain amyloid pathology in aged amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice","volume":"69","author":"Huttunen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00434-3","article-title":"Triple-transgenic model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease with plaques and tangles","volume":"39","author":"Oddo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3081","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913828107","article-title":"ACAT1 gene ablation increases 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol content in the brain and ameliorates amyloid pathology in mice with AD","volume":"107","author":"Bryleva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2013.118","article-title":"Acat1 knockdown gene therapy decreases amyloid-\u03b2 in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Murphy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14484","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2567-14.2014","article-title":"Inhibiting ACAT1\/SOAT1 in microglia stimulates autophagy-mediated lysosomal proteolysis and increases A\u03b21-42 clearance","volume":"34","author":"Shibuya","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.04.002","article-title":"Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 blockage enhances autophagy in the neurons of triple transgenic Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse and reduces human P301L-tau content at the presymptomatic stage","volume":"36","author":"Shibuya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201540614","article-title":"ApoE4 upregulates the activity of mitochondria-associated ER membranes","volume":"17","author":"Tambini","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5763","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-1489-2","article-title":"FABP7 protects astrocytes against ROS toxicity via lipid droplet formation","volume":"56","author":"Islam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4998","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5998","article-title":"PICALM modulates autophagy activity and tau accumulation","volume":"5","author":"Moreau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farmer, B.C., Kluemper, J., and Johnson, L.A. (2019). Apolipoprotein E4 alters astrocyte fatty acid metabolism and lipid droplet formation. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8020182"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.08.024","article-title":"The glia-neuron lactate shuttle and elevated ROS promote lipid synthesis in neurons and lipid droplet accumulation in glia via APOE\/D","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108572","article-title":"ApoE4 impairs neuron-astrocyte coupling of fatty acid metabolism","volume":"34","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13069","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13069","article-title":"A small molecule transcription factor EB activator ameliorates beta-amyloid precursor protein and Tau pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease models","volume":"19","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy042","article-title":"Hippocampal mutant APP and amyloid beta-induced cognitive decline, dendritic spine loss, defective autophagy, mitophagy and mitochondrial abnormalities in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"27","author":"Manczak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20009","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56614-5","article-title":"Autophagy and mitophagy biomarkers are reduced in sera of patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"9","author":"Castellazzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4741","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41347-2","article-title":"Plasma ATG5 is increased in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06084.x","article-title":"Autophagic-lysosomal perturbation enhances tau aggregation in transfectants with induced wild-type tau expression","volume":"27","author":"Hamano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0305799101","article-title":"Involvement of oxidative stress-induced abnormalities in ceramide and cholesterol metabolism in brain aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"101","author":"Cutler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/64.2.113","article-title":"Extensive involvement of autophagy in Alzheimer disease: An immuno-electron microscopy study","volume":"64","author":"Nixon","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_172","first-page":"2190","article-title":"The autophagy-related protein beclin 1 shows reduced expression in early Alzheimer disease and regulates amyloid beta accumulation in mice","volume":"118","author":"Pickford","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.06.046","article-title":"Microglial beclin 1 regulates retromer trafficking and phagocytosis and is impaired in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"79","author":"Lucin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17071","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1315110110","article-title":"Adaptor complex AP2\/PICALM, through interaction with LC3, targets Alzheimer\u2019s APP-CTF for terminal degradation via autophagy","volume":"110","author":"Tian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1234561","article-title":"BECN1\/Beclin 1 sorts cell-surface APP\/amyloid \u03b2 precursor protein for lysosomal degradation","volume":"12","author":"Swaminathan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20667","article-title":"Model-guided microarray implicates the retromer complex in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"58","author":"Small","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-016-0292-9","article-title":"Autophagic and lysosomal defects in human tauopathies: Analysis of post-mortem brain from patients with familial Alzheimer disease, corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"4","author":"Piras","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12137","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0705-15.2015","article-title":"Neuronal-targeted TFEB accelerates lysosomal degradation of APP, reducing A\u03b2 generation and amyloid plaque pathogenesis","volume":"35","author":"Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201303671","article-title":"Selective clearance of aberrant tau proteins and rescue of neurotoxicity by transcription factor EB","volume":"6","author":"Polito","year":"2014","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-019-0342-4","article-title":"Autophagy protein NRBF2 has reduced expression in Alzheimer\u2019s brains and modulates memory and amyloid-beta homeostasis in mice","volume":"14","author":"Lachance","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61156-7","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"377","author":"Kiernan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a033993","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a033993","article-title":"The autophagy lysosomal pathway and neurodegeneration","volume":"12","author":"Finkbeiner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201694401","article-title":"The C9orf72 protein interacts with Rab1a and the ULK1 complex to regulate initiation of autophagy","volume":"35","author":"Webster","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanhueza, M., Chai, A., Smith, C., McCray, B.A., Simpson, T.I., Taylor, J.P., and Pennetta, G. (2015). Network analyses reveal novel aspects of ALS pathogenesis. PLoS Genet., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005107"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, S.M., El Oussini, H., Scekic-Zahirovic, J., Vibbert, J., Cottee, P., Prasain, J.K., Bellen, H.J., Dupuis, L., and Miller, M.A. (2013). VAPB\/ALS8 MSP ligands regulate striated muscle energy metabolism critical for adult survival in caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Genet., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003738"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201305142","article-title":"Acyl-CoA synthetase 3 promotes lipid droplet biogenesis in ER microdomains","volume":"203","author":"Kassan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3831","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr304","article-title":"N88S seipin mutant transgenic mice develop features of seipinopathy\/BSCL2-related motor neuron disease via endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"20","author":"Yagi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.02.007","article-title":"Loss of spatacsin function alters lysosomal lipid clearance leading to upper and lower motor neuron degeneration","volume":"102","author":"Branchu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.315564.118","article-title":"A C9orf72-CARM1 axis regulates lipid metabolism under glucose starvation-induced nutrient stress","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.09.011","article-title":"Expanded GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat in noncoding region of C9ORF72 causes chromosome 9p-linked FTD and ALS","volume":"72","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1299312","article-title":"Systemic deregulation of autophagy upon loss of ALS- and FTD-linked C9orf72","volume":"13","author":"Ji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.62.10.1758","article-title":"Increased lipid peroxidation in sera of ALS patients: A potential biomarker of disease burden","volume":"62","author":"Simpson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"386","author":"Kalia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30230-7","article-title":"The epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease: Risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Ascherio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16503","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0209-12.2012","article-title":"Development and characterization of a new Parkinson\u2019s disease model resulting from impaired autophagy","volume":"32","author":"Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2507-13.2014","article-title":"\u03b1-Synuclein is localized to mitochondria-associated ER membranes","volume":"34","author":"Rub","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23542","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M801992200","article-title":"Wild type alpha-synuclein is degraded by chaperone-mediated autophagy and macroautophagy in neuronal cells","volume":"283","author":"Vogiatzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.12.017","article-title":"Reduced expression of the chaperone-mediated autophagy carrier hsc70 protein in lymphomonocytes of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"1546","author":"Sala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00905-6","article-title":"PINK, PANK, or PARK? A clinicians\u2019 guide to familial parkinsonism","volume":"3","author":"Healy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20160265","article-title":"The LRRK2-macroautophagy axis and its relevance to Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"45","author":"Manzoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1277309","article-title":"PINK1 and BECN1 relocalize at mitochondria-associated membranes during mitophagy and promote ER-mitochondria tethering and autophagosome formation","volume":"13","author":"Gelmetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.11.028","article-title":"Lipidomic analysis of \u03b1-synuclein neurotoxicity identifies stearoyl CoA desaturase as a target for Parkinson treatment","volume":"73","author":"Fanning","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.101911","article-title":"Kaempferol alleviates LD-mitochondrial damage by promoting autophagy: Implications in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"41","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27646","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003021117","article-title":"Cell type-specific lipid storage changes in Parkinson\u2019s disease patient brains are recapitulated by experimental glycolipid disturbance","volume":"117","author":"Brekk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00397","article-title":"Plin4-dependent lipid droplets hamper neuronal mitophagy in the MPTP\/p-induced mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6344","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M108414200","article-title":"Lipid droplet binding and oligomerization properties of the Parkinson\u2019s disease protein alpha-synuclein","volume":"277","author":"Cole","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090439","article-title":"Yeast cells provide insight into alpha-synuclein biology and pathobiology","volume":"302","author":"Outeiro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2004.05.005","article-title":"Yeast genetics targets lipids in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Scherzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddg265","article-title":"Gene expression changes presage neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Scherzer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2018.08.007","article-title":"Lipid metabolism alterations in the neuronal response to A53T \u03b1-synuclein and Fe-induced injury","volume":"655","author":"Alza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2019.05.015","article-title":"The Parkinson-associated human P5B-ATPase ATP13A2 modifies lipid homeostasis","volume":"1861","author":"Marcos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13599","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.782276","article-title":"Accumulation of autophagosomes confers cytotoxicity","volume":"292","author":"Button","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1884","article-title":"Hereditary parkinsonism with dementia is caused by mutations in ATP13A2, encoding a lysosomal type 5 P-type ATPase","volume":"38","author":"Ramirez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2017.12.001","article-title":"Regulation of autophagy by polyphenols: Paving the road for treatment of neurodegeneration","volume":"36","author":"Nabavi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1488","article-title":"The small polyphenolic molecule kaempferol increases cellular energy expenditure and thyroid hormone activation","volume":"56","author":"Harney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-017-0015-3","article-title":"Integrated molecular landscape of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"3","author":"Klemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"NPJ Park. Dis."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.487","article-title":"Genome-wide association study reveals genetic risk underlying Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"41","author":"Schulte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0471-7","article-title":"Seipin deficiency in mice causes loss of dopaminergic neurons via aggregation and phosphorylation of \u03b1-synuclein and neuroinflammation","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70117-0","article-title":"Phenotype, genotype, and worldwide genetic penetrance of LRRK2-associated Parkinson\u2019s disease: A case-control study","volume":"7","author":"Healy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baptista, M.A.S., Dave, K.D., Frasier, M.A., Sherer, T.B., Greeley, M., Beck, M.J., Varsho, J.S., Parker, G.A., Moore, C., and Churchill, M.J. (2013). Loss of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) in rats leads to progressive abnormal phenotypes in peripheral organs. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080705"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201200215","article-title":"Disease-specific phenotypes in dopamine neurons from human iPS-based models of genetic and sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Caig","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-018-0684-x","article-title":"LRRK2 mediated Rab8a phosphorylation promotes lipid storage","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2014.07.005","article-title":"Rab8a-AS160-MSS4 regulatory circuit controls lipid droplet fusion and growth","volume":"30","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6013","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddv314","article-title":"Pathogenic LRRK2 mutations, through increased kinase activity, produce enlarged lysosomes with reduced degradative capacity and increase ATP13A2 expression","volume":"24","author":"Henry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273ra15","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa3634","article-title":"Effect of selective LRRK2 kinase inhibition on nonhuman primate lung","volume":"7","author":"Fuji","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/10084","article-title":"Late endosomal membranes rich in lysobisphosphatidic acid regulate cholesterol transport","volume":"1","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2007.02.004","article-title":"Rab-regulated interaction of early endosomes with lipid droplets","volume":"1773","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1601470","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1601470","article-title":"A novel Rab10-EHBP1-EHD2 complex essential for the autophagic engulfment of lipid droplets","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100875","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2018100875","article-title":"LRRK2 regulates endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial tethering through the PERK-mediated ubiquitination pathway","volume":"39","author":"Toyofuku","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alarcon-Gil, J., Sierra-Magro, A., Morales-Garcia, J.A., Sanz-SanCristobal, M., Alonso-Gil, S., Cortes-Canteli, M., Niso-Santano, M., Mart\u00ednez-Chac\u00f3n, G., Fuentes, J.M., and Santos, A. (2022). Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of linoleic acid in models of Parkinson\u2019s disease: The implication of lipid droplets and lipophagy. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152297"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood, P.L., Tippireddy, S., Feriante, J., and Woltjer, R.L. (2018). Augmented frontal cortex diacylglycerol levels in Parkinson\u2019s disease and Lewy Body Disease. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191815"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2019.07.010","article-title":"Proteomics-based monitoring of pathway activity reveals that blocking diacylglycerol biosynthesis rescues from alpha-synuclein toxicity","volume":"9","author":"Soste","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Syst."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187297","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/187297","article-title":"Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer disease: Role of amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 intracellular signaling","volume":"2012","author":"Nizzari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kao, Y., Ho, P., Tu, Y., Jou, I., and Tsai, K. (2020). Lipids and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041505"},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-017-0215-0","article-title":"A key role for MAM in mediating mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer disease","volume":"9","author":"Bonilla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2012.07.011","article-title":"Mitochondria-associated ER membranes in Alzheimer disease","volume":"55","author":"Schon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2016.05.001","article-title":"Mitochondria as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genes Dis."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175628561773473","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285617734734","article-title":"Disease-modifying and symptomatic treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Dorst","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-53889-1_14","article-title":"Epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"978","author":"Franco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1125-6","article-title":"Protein aggregation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"125","author":"Blokhuis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002445","article-title":"Results from a phase 1 study of nusinersen (ISIS-SMNRx) in children with spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"86","author":"Chiriboga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.10.093","article-title":"TDP-43 is a component of ubiquitin-positive tau-negative inclusions in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"351","author":"Arai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2015.07.012","article-title":"Neuropathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its variants","volume":"33","author":"Saberi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.05.006","article-title":"RNA sequencing reveals MMP2 and TGFB1 downregulation in LRRK2 G2019S Parkinson\u2019s iPSC-derived astrocytes","volume":"129","author":"Booth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-3-12","article-title":"Astrocytic expression of Parkinson\u2019s disease-related A53T alpha-synuclein causes neurodegeneration in mice","volume":"3","author":"Gu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"}],"container-title":["Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/12\/3\/414\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:51:01Z","timestamp":1760122261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/12\/3\/414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]]},"references-count":245,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["biology12030414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology12030414","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-7737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-7737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]]}}}