{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T17:59:04Z","timestamp":1774288744052,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"junior researcher contract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00776\/2020-4B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00776\/2020-4B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer\u2014Regional Nucleus of the North (LPCC-NRNorte)","award":["UIDP\/00776\/2020-4B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00776\/2020-4B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A deeper understanding of the communication mechanisms of tumor cells in a tumor microenvironment can improve the development of new therapeutic solutions, leading to a more personalized approach. Recently, the field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has drawn attention due to their key role in intercellular communication. EVs are nano-sized lipid bilayer vesicles that are secreted by all types of cells and can function as intermediators of intercellular communication with the ability to transfer different cargo (proteins, nucleic acids, sugar\u2026) types among cells. This role of EVs is essential in a cancer context as it can affect tumor promotion and progression and contribute to the pre-metastatic niche establishment. Therefore, scientists from basic, translational, and clinical research areas are currently researching EVs with great expectations due to their potential to be used as clinical biomarkers, which are useful for disease diagnosis, prognosis, patient follow-up, or even as vehicles for drug delivery due to their natural carrier nature. The application of EVs presents numerous advantages as drug delivery vehicles, namely their capacity to overcome natural barriers, their inherent cell-targeting properties, and their stability in the circulation. In this review, we highlight the distinctive features of EVs, their application as efficient drug delivery systems, and their clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12050665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T02:27:56Z","timestamp":1682648876000},"page":"665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Therapeutic Messengers in Cancer Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer Regional Nucleus of the North (LPCC-NRNorte), Estrada da Circunvala\u00e7\u00e3o 6657, 4200-177 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7489-2211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Lu\u00edsa","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4993-4467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8406-8210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3010-8373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer Regional Nucleus of the North (LPCC-NRNorte), Estrada da Circunvala\u00e7\u00e3o 6657, 4200-177 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Fernando Pessoa Research, Innovation and Development Institute (I3ID FFP), Fernando Pessoa University (UFP), Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201211138","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles: Exosomes, microvesicles, and friends","volume":"200","author":"Raposo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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