{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T04:48:31Z","timestamp":1773290911820,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia and Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia and Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia","award":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brain manganese (Mn) accumulation is a key feature in patients with acquired hepatocerebral degeneration (AHD). The role of trace elements other than Mn in AHD needs to be clarified. In this study, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, we aimed to evaluate blood levels of trace elements in patients with AHD before and after liver transplantation (LT). Trace element levels in the AHD group were also compared with those of healthy controls (blood donors, n = 51). Fifty-one AHD patients were included in the study (mean age: 59.2 \u00b1 10.6 years; men: 72.5%). AHD patients had higher levels of Mn, Li, B, Ni, As, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Tl and Pb and a higher Cu\/Se ratio, and lower levels of Se and Rb. Six patients (two women; mean age 55 \u00b1 8.7 years) underwent LT, and there was an improvement in neurological symptoms, a significant increase in the Zn, Se and Sr levels, and a decrease in the Cu\/Zn and Cu\/Se ratios. In summary, several trace element imbalances were identified in AHD patients. Liver transplantation resulted in the improvement of neurological manifestations and the oxidant\/inflammatory status. It is possible that observed changes in trace element levels may play a role in the pathophysiology and symptomatology of AHD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12060804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T02:39:47Z","timestamp":1685587187000},"page":"804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Trace Element Imbalances in Acquired Hepatocerebral Degeneration and Changes after Liver Transplant"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9105-018X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Service, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Santo Ant\u00f3nio, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5704-9273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Malaquias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Service, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Santo Ant\u00f3nio, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina Mendes","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Service, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Santo Ant\u00f3nio, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6649-3827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"S\u00e1 Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Service, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Santo Ant\u00f3nio, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9965-7173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina","family":"Rochate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Service, Hospital do Divino Esp\u00edrito Santo, 9500-370 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Service, Hospital do Divino Esp\u00edrito Santo, 9500-370 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Eduardo","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Service, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Santo Ant\u00f3nio, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Service, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Santo Ant\u00f3nio, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"Gandara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatic Pancreatic Transplantation Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Santo Ant\u00f3nio, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatic Pancreatic Transplantation Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Santo Ant\u00f3nio, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatic Pancreatic Transplantation Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Santo Ant\u00f3nio, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7428-2854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Cavaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychology Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Santo Ant\u00f3nio, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Pessegueiro Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatic Pancreatic Transplantation Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Santo Ant\u00f3nio, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1297-3198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agostinho","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde (Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (LAQV\/REQUIMTE), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Service, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Santo Ant\u00f3nio, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.379","article-title":"Recent Updates on Acquired Hepatocerebral Degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Shin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinetic Mov."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14486","article-title":"Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration and hepatic encephalopathy: One or two entities?","volume":"27","author":"Malaquias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. 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