{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T18:43:06Z","timestamp":1770576186306,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The alternative oxidase (AOX) is a ubiquinol oxidase with a crucial role in the mitochondrial alternative respiratory pathway, which is associated with various processes in plants. In this study, the activity of AOX in pea seed germination was determined in two pea cultivars, \u2018Maravilha d\u2019Am\u00e9rica\u2019 (MA) and \u2018Torta de Quebrar\u2019 (TQ), during a germination trial using cytochrome oxidase (COX) and AOX inhibitors [rotenone (RT) and salicylic hydroxamic acid (SHAM), respectively]. Calorespirometry was used to assess respiratory changes during germination. In both cultivars, SHAM had a greater inhibitory effect on germination than RT, demonstrating the involvement of AOX in germination. Although calorespirometry did not provide direct information on the involvement of the alternative pathway in seed germination, this methodology was valuable for distinguishing cultivars. To gain deeper insights into the role of AOX in seed germination, the AOX gene family was characterized, and the gene expression pattern was evaluated. Three PsAOX members were identified\u2014PsAOX1, PsAOX2a and PsAOX2b\u2014and their expression revealed a marked genotype effect. This study emphasizes the importance of AOX in seed germination, contributing to the understanding of the role of the alternative respiratory pathway in plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12101318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T10:48:33Z","timestamp":1696848513000},"page":"1318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Germination of Pisum sativum L. Seeds Is Associated with the Alternative Respiratory Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"L\u00e9nia","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MED\u2014Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Amaia","family":"Nogales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRTA Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Sustainable Plant Protection Programme, Centre Cabrils, Ctra. Cabrils Km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7623-4450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sciences and Technology, University of \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sciences and Technology, University of \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8581-9020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee D.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3688-607X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lia","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED\u2014Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, University of \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.09.026","article-title":"Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Grain Legume Seeds: A Review","volume":"101","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Res. 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