{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:36:05Z","timestamp":1760150165399,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","award":["RISE\u2014LA\/P\/0053\/2020","UIDB\/4255\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020A","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020","LA\/P\/0008\/2020","UI\/BD\/152087\/2021","UI\/BD\/151504\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RISE\u2014LA\/P\/0053\/2020","UIDB\/4255\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020A","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020","LA\/P\/0008\/2020","UI\/BD\/152087\/2021","UI\/BD\/151504\/2021"]}]},{"name":"CINTESIS, R&amp;D UNIT","award":["RISE\u2014LA\/P\/0053\/2020","UIDB\/4255\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020A","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020","LA\/P\/0008\/2020","UI\/BD\/152087\/2021","UI\/BD\/151504\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RISE\u2014LA\/P\/0053\/2020","UIDB\/4255\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020A","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020","LA\/P\/0008\/2020","UI\/BD\/152087\/2021","UI\/BD\/151504\/2021"]}]},{"name":"LAQV","award":["RISE\u2014LA\/P\/0053\/2020","UIDB\/4255\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020A","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020","LA\/P\/0008\/2020","UI\/BD\/152087\/2021","UI\/BD\/151504\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RISE\u2014LA\/P\/0053\/2020","UIDB\/4255\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020A","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020","LA\/P\/0008\/2020","UI\/BD\/152087\/2021","UI\/BD\/151504\/2021"]}]},{"name":"BIAL Portela &amp; CA, S.A.","award":["RISE\u2014LA\/P\/0053\/2020","UIDB\/4255\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020A","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020","LA\/P\/0008\/2020","UI\/BD\/152087\/2021","UI\/BD\/151504\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RISE\u2014LA\/P\/0053\/2020","UIDB\/4255\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020A","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020","LA\/P\/0008\/2020","UI\/BD\/152087\/2021","UI\/BD\/151504\/2021"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["RISE\u2014LA\/P\/0053\/2020","UIDB\/4255\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020A","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020","LA\/P\/0008\/2020","UI\/BD\/152087\/2021","UI\/BD\/151504\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RISE\u2014LA\/P\/0053\/2020","UIDB\/4255\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020A","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020","LA\/P\/0008\/2020","UI\/BD\/152087\/2021","UI\/BD\/151504\/2021"]}]},{"name":"CINTESIS","award":["RISE\u2014LA\/P\/0053\/2020","UIDB\/4255\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020A","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020","LA\/P\/0008\/2020","UI\/BD\/152087\/2021","UI\/BD\/151504\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RISE\u2014LA\/P\/0053\/2020","UIDB\/4255\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020A","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020","LA\/P\/0008\/2020","UI\/BD\/152087\/2021","UI\/BD\/151504\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and zinc (Zn) are essential trace elements (ETEs) and important cofactors for intermediary metabolism or redox balance. These ETEs are crucial during pregnancy, their role on specific pregnancy outcomes is largely unknown. This prospective study (#NCT04010708) aimed to assess urinary levels of these ETEs in pregnancy and to evaluate their association with pregnancy outcomes. First trimester pregnant women of Porto and Lisbon provided a random spot urine sample, and sociodemographic and lifestyle data. Clinical data were obtained from clinical records. Urinary ETEs were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A total of 635 mother:child pairs were included. Having urinary Zn levels above the 50th percentile (P50) was an independent risk factor for pre-eclampsia (PE) (aOR [95% CI]: 5.350 [1.044\u201327.423], p = 0.044). Urinary Zn levels above the P50 decreased the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) birth head circumference (aOR [95% CI]: 0.315 [0.113\u20130.883], p = 0.028), but it increased the risk SGA length (aOR [95% CI]: 2.531 [1.057\u20136.062], p = 0.037). This study may provide valuable information for public health policies related to prenatal nutrition, while informing future efforts to de-fine urinary reference intervals for ETEs in pregnant women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12101351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T12:59:01Z","timestamp":1697893141000},"page":"1351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Essential Trace Elements Status in Portuguese Pregnant Women and Their Association with Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: A Prospective Study from the IoMum Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1923-3579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella","family":"Bracchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry, Department Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry, Department Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4685-3562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0539-7022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Matta","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry, Department Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6190-0916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry, Department Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3783-6074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition & Metabolism, NOVA Medical School|FCM, NOVA University Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"UniC@RISE, Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Barreiros-Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition & Metabolism, NOVA Medical School|FCM, NOVA University Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3979-7523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virg\u00ednia Cruz","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3924-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Delerue-Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8021-4783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0320-1839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Moreira-Ros\u00e1rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition & Metabolism, NOVA Medical School|FCM, NOVA University Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8421-2937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds Filipe Ribeiro","family":"de Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9356-3272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Camila","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0831-2741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Immunology, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital da Luz Lisboa, 1500-650 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Sapinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Service, CUF Descobertas Hospital, 1998-018 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3977-3946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Ginecology-Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, i3S, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Calhau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition & Metabolism, NOVA Medical School|FCM, NOVA University Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Costa","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1297-3198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agostinho","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Diogo","family":"Pestana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition & Metabolism, NOVA Medical School|FCM, NOVA University Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Keating","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry, Department Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.37","article-title":"Micronutrient deficiencies in pregnancy worldwide: Health effects and prevention","volume":"12","author":"Gernand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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