{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T02:16:10Z","timestamp":1771035370212,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]],"date-time":"2024-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cFunda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\u201d\u2014FCT to CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials","award":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"]}]},{"name":"\u201cFunda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\u201d\u2014FCT to CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials","award":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"]}]},{"name":"\u201cFunda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\u201d\u2014FCT to CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials","award":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"\u201cFunda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\u201d\u2014FCT to CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/ME (PIDDAC)","award":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/ME (PIDDAC)","award":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/ME (PIDDAC)","award":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/ME (PIDDAC)","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exposure to pesticides, poses a significant threat to male fertility by compromising crucial cells involved in spermatogenesis. Aminocarb, is a widely used carbamate insecticide, although its detrimental effects on the male reproductive system, especially on sustentacular Sertoli cells, pivotal for spermatogenesis, remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of escalating concentrations of aminocarb on a mouse Sertoli cell line, TM4. Assessments included cytotoxic analysis, mitochondrial biogenesis and membrane potential, expression of apoptotic proteins, caspase-3 activity, and oxidative stress evaluation. Our findings revealed a dose-dependent reduction in the proliferation and viability of TM4 cells following exposure to increasing concentrations of aminocarb. Notably, exposure to 5 \u03bcM of aminocarb induced depolarization of mitochondria membrane potential, and a significant decrease in the ratio of phosphorylated eIF2\u03b1 to total eIF2\u03b1, suggesting heightened endoplasmic reticulum stress via the activation of the eIF2\u03b1 pathway. Moreover, the same aminocarb concentration was demonstrated to increase both caspase-3 protein levels and activity, indicating an apoptotic induction. Collectively, our results demonstrate that aminocarb serves as an apoptotic inducer for mouse sustentacular Sertoli cells in vitro, suggesting its potential to modulate independent pathways of the apoptotic cascade. These findings underscore the deleterious impact of aminocarb on spermatogenic performance and male fertility, highlighting the urgent need for further investigation into its mechanisms of action and mitigation strategies to safeguard male fertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13090721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T11:36:37Z","timestamp":1726486597000},"page":"721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Aminocarb Exposure Induces Cytotoxicity and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in Mouse Sustentacular Sertoli Cells: Implications for Male Infertility and Environmental Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3094-4486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"CICECO-Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7261-9596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana D.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7635-783X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco G.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6067-2413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Miguel","family":"Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Celular e Histolog\u00eda, Faculdad de Medicina, IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d, Universidad de Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3566-5152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Seco-Rovira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Celular e Histolog\u00eda, Faculdad de Medicina, IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d, Universidad de Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4989-5699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro F.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6703-7869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria de Lourdes","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"CICECO-Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1786","article-title":"The international glossary on infertility and fertility care, 2017","volume":"32","author":"Adamson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. 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