{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:55:12Z","timestamp":1773014112526,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/00306\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00306\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sleep is a complex biobehavioural process essential for overall health, with various dimensions including duration, continuity, timing, and satisfaction. This study investigated the intricate relationships between common sleep disorders such as insomnia and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and their impact on atrial fibrillation (AF), a prevalent arrhythmia with significant health implications. Using a comprehensive review of the current literature, this study examined the pathophysiological mechanisms linking sleep disorders to cardiovascular risks, focusing on autonomic nervous system disturbances, inflammation, and oxidative stress associated with OSA. These findings indicate that sleep disorders significantly elevate the risk of AF through mechanisms such as increased sympathetic activity and structural cardiac remodelling. Additionally, this study highlights the potential benefits of treating sleep disorders, particularly with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, in reducing AF recurrence and improving cardiovascular outcomes. This conclusion emphasises the importance of integrated therapeutic approaches that address both sleep disorders and AF to enhance patient outcomes and quality of life. Future research should explore these connections to develop more effective and holistic treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13100761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T17:12:04Z","timestamp":1727284324000},"page":"761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Linking Sleep Disorders to Atrial Fibrillation: Pathways, Risks, and Treatment Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina and Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa-CCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina and Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa-CCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Hospital de Santa Marta, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de S. Jos\u00e9, 1150-199 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Cardiology, Heart and Vessels Department, Hospital CUF Tejo, 1350-352 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2169-4024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Laranjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Heart and Vessels Department, Hospital CUF Tejo, 1350-352 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina and Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa-CCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3298","article-title":"Sleep health: Can we define It? does it matter?","volume":"37","author":"Buysse","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2008.02.001","article-title":"Insomnia: Prevalence, Impact, Pathogenesis, Differential Diagnosis, and Evaluation","volume":"3","author":"Mai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s13670-019-00300-x","article-title":"Insomnia in Older Adults","volume":"8","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Geriatr. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws342","article-title":"Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults","volume":"177","author":"Peppard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/20.9.705","article-title":"Estimation of the clinically diagnosed proportion of sleep apnea syndrome in middle-aged men and women","volume":"20","author":"Young","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2005.06.067","article-title":"Diagnostic indicators of sleep apnea in older women and men: A prospective study","volume":"59","author":"Bailes","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200707-114MG","article-title":"Pathophysiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"5","author":"Eckert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3070","article-title":"Serum inflammatory markers in obstructive sleep apnea: A meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Nadeem","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118235","article-title":"Sympathetic neural mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"96","author":"Somers","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maniaci, A., Lavalle, S., Parisi, F.M., Barbanti, M., Cocuzza, S., Iannella, G., Magliulo, G., Pace, A., Lentini, M., and Masiello, E. (2024). Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Sympathetic Nervous System on Cardiac Health: A Comprehensive Review. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd11070204"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.4.894","article-title":"Leftward shift of the interventricular septum and pulsus paradoxus in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"100","author":"Shiomi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1177\/0091217417696731","article-title":"Prevalence of insomnia and related impact","volume":"51","author":"Manjavong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association. [5th ed.].","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/34.5.601","article-title":"The insomnia severity index: Psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response","volume":"34","author":"Morin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000362","article-title":"Sleep and cardiovascular disease: Emerging opportunities for psychology","volume":"73","author":"Hall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"652","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: Diagnosis and management","volume":"67","author":"Goodday","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Can. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2010.02.012","article-title":"Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Freedman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Chest Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01496-3","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"877","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in sleep disturbances: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2008.06.001","article-title":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Pulmonary Hypertension","volume":"51","author":"Sajkov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608438","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/608438","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease: Evidence from human studies","volume":"2015","author":"Eisele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.4065\/79.8.1036","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease","volume":"79","author":"Parish","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stark, P., and Chang, E.Y. (2023). Sleep Apnea Combined with Pulmonary Hypertension in a Veteran Patient Population. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12144634"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"100681","article-title":"Sleep apnea and atrial fibrillation: Update 2020","volume":"31","author":"Linz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol. Heart Vasc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9242","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and atrial fibrillation: We need to go step by step","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.456S","article-title":"Inflammation and cardiovascular disease mechanisms1\u20133","volume":"83","author":"Libby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.05.014","article-title":"Sleep Disturbance, Sleep Duration, and Inflammation","volume":"80","author":"Irwin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2013.03.011","article-title":"One night on-call: Sleep deprivation affects cardiac autonomic control and inflammation in physicians","volume":"24","author":"Tobaldini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.8.5894","article-title":"Circadian interleukin-6 secretion and quantity and depth of sleep","volume":"84","author":"Vgontzas","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.02.052","article-title":"C-Reactive Protein and the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events Among Those at Intermediate Risk. Moving an Inflammatory Hypothesis Toward Consensus","volume":"49","author":"Ridker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.07.050","article-title":"Effect of sleep loss on C-Reactive protein, an inflammatory marker of cardiovascular risk","volume":"43","author":"Ridker","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.05.035","article-title":"Impact of Oxidative Stress on the Heart and Vasculature: Part 2 of a 3-Part Series","volume":"70","author":"Camici","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2011.05.001","article-title":"Immune, inflammatory and cardiovascular consequences of sleep restriction and recovery","volume":"16","author":"Faraut","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boudjeltia, K., Faraut, B., Esposito, M.J., Stenuit, P., Dyzma, M., van Antwerpen, P., Broh\u00e9e, D., Vanhamme, L., Moguilevsky, N., and Vanhaeverbeek, M. (2011). Temporal dissociation between myeloperoxidase (MPO)-modified LDL and MPO elevations during chronic sleep restriction and recovery in healthy young men. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028230"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.04.005","article-title":"The association between sleep characteristics and prothrombotic markers in a population-based sample: Chicago Area Sleep Study","volume":"15","author":"Tosur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00851.2009","article-title":"Effect of acute sleep deprivation on vascular function in healthy subjects","volume":"108","author":"Sauvet","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht208","article-title":"Sympathetic overactivity due to sleep fragmentation is associated with elevated diurnal systolic blood pressure in healthy elderly subjects: The PROOF-SYNAPSE study","volume":"34","author":"Chouchou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00620.2004","article-title":"Increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic cardiovascular modulation in normal humans with acute sleep deprivation","volume":"98","author":"Zhong","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01321","article-title":"The inflammatory reflex","volume":"420","author":"Tracey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.09.003","article-title":"Circadian system, sleep and endocrinology","volume":"349","author":"Morris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2014.911149","article-title":"Circadian misalignment and health","volume":"26","author":"Baron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psych."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2020.1787426","article-title":"Comparison of Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) Czech version","volume":"37","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chronobiol. Int."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.33069\/cim.2020.0003","article-title":"Psychometric properties of questionnaires for assessing chronotype","volume":"2","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chronobiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031562","article-title":"Adverse Effects of Modest Sleep Restriction on Sleepiness, Performance, and Inflammatory Cytokines","volume":"89","author":"Vgontzas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000217362.34748.e0","article-title":"Short sleep duration as a risk factor for hypertension: Analyses of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"47","author":"Gangwisch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.095471","article-title":"Gender-specific associations of short sleep duration with prevalent and incident hypertension: The whitehall II study","volume":"50","author":"Cappuccio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.119","article-title":"Association between sleep and blood pressure in midlife: The CARDIA sleep study","volume":"169","author":"Knutson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kobayashi Frisk, M., Hedner, J., Grote, L., Ekblom, \u00d6., Arvidsson, D., Bergstr\u00f6m, G., B\u00f6rjesson, M., and Zou, D. (2022). Eveningness is associated with sedentary behavior and increased 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease: The SCAPIS pilot cohort. Sci. Rep., 12.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12267-5"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3754","article-title":"Evening chronotype is associated with metabolic disorders and body composition in middle-aged adults","volume":"100","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2012.754448","article-title":"Daily rhythms in the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis and acute stress responses in a teleost flatfish, solea senegalensis","volume":"30","author":"Pujante","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chronobiol. Int."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"5","article-title":"Sleep duration and risk of atrial fibrillation: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Morovatdar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Atr. Fibrillation"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P4993","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht310.P4993","article-title":"Acute sleep deprivation in healthy adults is associated with increased arterial stiffness","volume":"34","author":"Sunbul","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2174\/1874306401105010031","article-title":"Metabolic, endocrine, and immune consequences of sleep deprivation","volume":"5","author":"AlDabal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open Respir. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-012-0786-z","article-title":"Acute sleep deprivation in healthy adults is associated with a reduction in left atrial early diastolic strain rate","volume":"17","author":"Sari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.4022\/jafib.2031","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and objective sleep quality by slow wave sleep","volume":"11","author":"Kwon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Atr. Fibrillation"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.2.205","article-title":"A prospective study of sleep duration and coronary heart disease in women","volume":"163","author":"Ayas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.03.003","article-title":"Atrial arrhythmogenesis in obstructive sleep apnea: Therapeutic implications","volume":"26","author":"Linz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.03.053","article-title":"Negative tracheal pressure during obstructive respiratory events promotes atrial fibrillation by vagal activation","volume":"8","author":"Linz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.05.077","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation promotion with long-term repetitive obstructive sleep apnea in a rat model","volume":"64","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.10.017","article-title":"Atrial remodeling in obstructive sleep apnea: Implications for atrial fibrillation","volume":"9","author":"Dimitri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"691","article-title":"Sleep apnoea has a dose-dependent effect on atrial remodelling in paroxysmal but not persistent atrial fibrillation: A high-density mapping study","volume":"23","author":"Nalliah","year":"2021","journal-title":"EP Eur."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2010.053280","article-title":"Acute vagal modulation of electrophysiology of the atrial and pulmonary veins increases vulnerability to atrial fibrillation","volume":"96","author":"Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2020.05.002","article-title":"Atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation in acquired forms of cardiovascular disease","volume":"1","author":"Jansen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.316363","article-title":"Molecular Basis of Atrial Fibrillation Pathophysiology and Therapy: A Translational Perspective","volume":"127","author":"Nattel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"692","article-title":"Variability of Sleep Apnea Severity and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: The VARIOSA-AF Study","volume":"5","author":"Linz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"e005407","article-title":"Atrial Substrate and Triggers of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea","volume":"10","author":"Anter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.315755","article-title":"Enhanced CaMKII-Dependent Late INaInduces Atrial Proarrhythmic Activity in Patients with Sleep-Disordered Breathing","volume":"126","author":"Lebek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.05.008","article-title":"Sleep characteristics that predict atrial fibrillation","volume":"15","author":"Christensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s40675-017-0071-6","article-title":"Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep\u2014Implications for Health and Well-being","volume":"3","author":"James","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Sleep Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10852","article-title":"Circadian rhythms govern cardiac repolarization and arrhythmogenesis","volume":"483","author":"Jeyaraj","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.09.009","article-title":"Preceding night sleep quality and atrial fibrillation episodes in the I-STOP-AFIB randomized trial","volume":"10","author":"Wong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"e367","article-title":"Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"134","author":"Grandner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4201","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.08.56","article-title":"Mechanisms of cardiovascular disease in obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"10","author":"Ryan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"6939","article-title":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea, oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction- An overview of predictive laboratory biomarkers","volume":"24","author":"Storari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.174409","article-title":"Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Research Group. Decreased slow wave sleep increases risk of developing hypertension in elderly men","volume":"58","author":"Fung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S134864","article-title":"Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption","volume":"9","author":"Medic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Sleep"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13093","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13093","article-title":"Relationship between sleep characteristics and markers of inflammation in Swedish women from the general population","volume":"30","author":"Ghilotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.0095","article-title":"Associations of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Atrial Fibrillation and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment: A Review","volume":"3","author":"Linz","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61622-0","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea and its cardiovascular consequences","volume":"373","author":"Bradley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X1004140707125137","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and atrial arrhythmogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Hohl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1586\/erc.10.55","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease risk reduction with sleep apnea treatment","volume":"8","author":"Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12313","article-title":"Effect of obstructive sleep apnea and its treatment of atrial fibrillation recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation: A meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Congrete","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Evid. Based Med."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-011-0543-8","article-title":"Adherence to CPAP therapy improves quality of life and reduces symptoms among obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients","volume":"16","author":"Avlonitou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7416","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and stroke","volume":"14","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3488","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-23-8","article-title":"Factors influencing continuous positive airway pressure adherence in elderly with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"15","author":"Tiyapun","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"e21759","article-title":"Continuous Positive Airway Pressure vs Mandibular Advancement Devices in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Na Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"14","author":"Pattipati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-023-02984-0","article-title":"Mandibular advancement devices decrease systolic pressure during the day and night in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"CD010990","article-title":"Positional therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"5","author":"Srijithesh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"CD007736","article-title":"Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines in adults with obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"8","author":"Wozniak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-022-02625-y","article-title":"Positional obstructive sleep apnea in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"27","author":"Stafford","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.10.047","article-title":"Obesity, exercise, obstructive sleep apnea, and modifiable atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors in atrial fibrillation","volume":"66","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"e36282","article-title":"Atrial Fibrillation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients: Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Management Strategies","volume":"15","author":"Sankaranarayanan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2012.10.003","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of maxillomandibular advancement and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for the treatment of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"71","author":"Boyd","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nasta\u0142ek, P., Polok, K., Celejewska-W\u00f3jcik, N., Kania, A., S\u0142adek, K., Ma\u0142czak, P., and Major, P. (2021). Impact of bariatric surgery on obstructive sleep apnea severity and continuous positive airway pressure therapy compliance-prospective observational study. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84570-6"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.12.017","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea: The effect of bariatric surgery after 12 months. A prospective multicenter trial","volume":"35","author":"HTuomilehto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_96","first-page":"CD002875","article-title":"Lifestyle modification for obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"2001","author":"Shneerson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_97","unstructured":"Van Gelder, I.C., Rienstra, M., Bunting, K.V., Casado-Arroyo, R., Caso, V., Crijns, H.J., De Potter, T.J., Dwight, J., Guasti, L., and Hanke, T. (Eur. Heart J., 2024). 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) Developed by the task force for the management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Endorsed by the European Stroke Organisation (ESO), Eur. Heart J., ahead of print."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.03.037","article-title":"Relation of the severity of obstructive sleep apnea in response to anti-arrhythmic drugs in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter","volume":"110","author":"Monahan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3696","article-title":"Severity of obstructive sleep apnea influences the effect of genotype on response to anti-arrhythmic drug therapy for atrial fibrillation","volume":"10","author":"Goyal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2023.100715","article-title":"Impact of beta-blockers on mortality and cardiovascular disease outcomes in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: A population-based cohort study in target trial emulation framework","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health Eur."}],"container-title":["Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/13\/10\/761\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:02:51Z","timestamp":1760112171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/13\/10\/761"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["biology13100761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology13100761","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-7737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-7737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]}}}