{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T14:01:34Z","timestamp":1771250494856,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, for which aging represents the main risk factor. As the global elderly population expands, the prevalence of Alzheimer\u2019s disease escalates rapidly. Notably, as AD brain lesions may start 15\u201320 years before the appearance of the first symptoms, early diagnosis or prognosis of AD is of paramount importance for better patient treatment. Based on the absence of effective cure or early diagnosis of AD, this meta-analysis investigates the differentially expressed genes between Alzheimer\u2019s and a healthy brain and identifies genes that can serve as risk factors for the disease or biomarkers of diagnostic, prognostic, or pharmacological value. Microarray datasets were collected from public repositories, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines. Quality control and data normalization were performed. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) lists were created for each study and combined through a Mosteller\u2013Bush meta-analysis, resulting in a final list of DEGs. This list was filtered using an adjusted p-value cut-off of 0.001, and the included statistically significant DEGs were subjected to enrichment analyses. A total of eight microarray studies were identified, producing a combined list of 4218 DEGs, of which 1944 were up-regulated and enriched for immune response processes, and 2274 were down-regulated and enriched for synapse-related pathways. This meta-analysis reveals a distinct transcriptomic profile in Alzheimer\u2019s disease characterized by the prevalence of immune response and inflammation alongside the collapse of essential synaptic and neuronal signaling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15040345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T12:37:28Z","timestamp":1771245448000},"page":"345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Gene Expression Patterns in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Using a Human Microarray Data Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Eleni","family":"Dermitzaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4646-5570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasileios L.","family":"Zogopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1380-5521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apostolos","family":"Malatras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"biobank.cy Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, University of Cyprus, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Georgopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Division of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Petrina-Marina","family":"Aslanoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece"},{"name":"Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center \u201cAlexander Fleming\u201d, 16672 Vari, Greece"}]},{"given":"Adamantia","family":"Teta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 35131 Lamia, Greece"}]},{"given":"Maria Rea","family":"Kalligianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 35131 Lamia, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Karoussiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Brain Exosomes and Pathology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR Demokritos, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9472-5146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassiliki A.","family":"Iconomidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0115-0038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Sotiropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Brain Exosomes and Pathology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR Demokritos, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8991-8712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Michalopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072994","article-title":"The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Progress and problems on the road to 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