{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T03:37:51Z","timestamp":1772941071407,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":213,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid that plays a key role in the metabolism of proliferating cells including neoplastic cells. In the central nervous system (CNS), glutamine metabolism is particularly relevant, because the glutamine-glutamate cycle is a way of controlling the production of glutamate-derived neurotransmitters by tightly regulating the bioavailability of the amino acids in a neuron-astrocyte metabolic symbiosis-dependent manner. Glutamine-related metabolic adjustments have been reported in several CNS malignancies including malignant gliomas that are considered \u2018glutamine addicted\u2019. In these tumors, glutamine becomes an essential amino acid preferentially used in energy and biomass production including glutathione (GSH) generation, which is crucial in oxidative stress control. Therefore, in this review, we will highlight the metabolic remodeling that gliomas undergo, focusing on glutamine metabolism. We will address some therapeutic regimens including novel research attempts to target glutamine metabolism and a brief update of diagnosis strategies that take advantage of this altered profile. A better understanding of malignant glioma cell metabolism will help in the identification of new molecular targets and the design of new therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10101370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T08:02:58Z","timestamp":1601280178000},"page":"1370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Take Advantage of Glutamine Anaplerosis, the Kernel of the Metabolic Rewiring in Malignant Gliomas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7869-7173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds G.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da Rep\u00fablica (EAN), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4036-6731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Pojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1548-5907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacinta","family":"Serpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1545-1","article-title":"The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: A summary","volume":"131","author":"Louis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0243-4","article-title":"The 2007 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System","volume":"114","author":"Louis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v1","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz150","article-title":"CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2012\u20132016","volume":"21","author":"Ostrom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obara-Michlewska, M., and Szeliga, M. 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