{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:04:20Z","timestamp":1777525460505,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]],"date-time":"2020-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"REMIX project","award":["H2020-MSCA-RISE-2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2020-MSCA-RISE-2017"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis is a rheumatic disease for which a healing treatment does not presently exist. Silk fibroin has been extensively studied for use in drug delivery systems due to its uniqueness, versatility and strong clinical track record in medicine. However, in general, natural polymeric materials are not mechanically stable enough, and have high rates of biodegradation. Thus, synthetic materials such as gellan gum can be used to produce composite structures with biological signals to promote tissue-specific interactions while providing the desired mechanical properties. In this work, we aimed to produce hydrogels of tyramine-modified gellan gum with silk fibroin (Ty\u2013GG\/SF) via horseradish peroxidase (HRP), with encapsulated betamethasone, to improve the biocompatibility and mechanical properties, and further increase therapeutic efficacy to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The Ty\u2013GG\/SF hydrogels presented a \u03b2-sheet secondary structure, with gelation time around 2\u20135 min, good resistance to enzymatic degradation, a suitable injectability profile, viscoelastic capacity with a significant solid component and a betamethasone-controlled release profile over time. In vitro studies showed that Ty\u2013GG\/SF hydrogels did not produce a deleterious effect on cellular metabolic activity, morphology or proliferation. Furthermore, Ty\u2013GG\/SF hydrogels with encapsulated betamethasone revealed greater therapeutic efficacy than the drug applied alone. Therefore, this strategy can provide an improvement in therapeutic efficacy when compared to the traditional use of drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10101456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]],"date-time":"2020-10-17T07:23:22Z","timestamp":1602919402000},"page":"1456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Injectable Betamethasone-Loaded Tyramine-Modified Gellan Gum\/Silk Fibroin Hydrogels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1619-4001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel Matos","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3Bs\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3219-1310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiana","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3Bs\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Myeong Eun","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Department of Polymer Nanoscience and Polymer BIN Research Centre, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 561-756, Korea"}]},{"given":"Sumi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Department of Polymer Nanoscience and Polymer BIN Research Centre, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 561-756, Korea"}]},{"given":"Rui Luis","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3Bs\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gilson","family":"Khang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Department of Polymer Nanoscience and Polymer BIN Research Centre, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 561-756, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7052-8837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim Miguel","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3Bs\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40695-019-0047-4","article-title":"Types of pain and their psychosocial impact in women with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"5","author":"Chancay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Midlife Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3109\/08923973.2015.1125917","article-title":"Old and new therapeutics for rheumatoid arthritis: In vivo models and drug development","volume":"38","author":"Sardar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. 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