{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T14:20:31Z","timestamp":1772202031965,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["SFRH\/BD\/133519\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/133519\/2017"]}]},{"name":"FEDER - Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento \/ COMPETE 2020 \u2013 Operacional Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI)","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FEDER - Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento \/ COMPETE 2020 \u2013 Operacional Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI)","award":["PTDC\/BAA-AGR\/31798\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BAA-AGR\/31798\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fire blight is a major pome fruit trees disease that is caused by the quarantine phytopathogenic Erwinia amylovora, leading to major losses, namely, in pear and apple productions. Nevertheless, no effective sustainable control treatments and measures have yet been disclosed. In that regard, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been proposed as an alternative biomolecule against pathogens but some of those AMPs have yet to be tested against E. amylovora. In this study, the potential of five AMPs (RW-BP100, CA-M, 3.1, D4E1, and Dhvar-5) together with BP100, were assessed to control E. amylovora. Antibiograms, minimal inhibitory, and bactericidal concentrations (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), growth and IC50 were determined and membrane permeabilization capacity was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis and colony-forming units (CFUs) plate counting. For the tested AMPs, the higher inhibitory and bactericidal capacity was observed for RW-BP100 and CA-M (5 and 5\u20138 \u00b5M, respectively for both MIC and MBC), whilst for IC50 RW-BP100 presented higher efficiency (2.8 to 3.5 \u00b5M). Growth curves for the first concentrations bellow MIC showed that these AMPs delayed E. amylovora growth. Flow cytometry disclosed faster membrane permeabilization for CA-M. These results highlight the potential of RW-BP100 and CA-M AMPs as sustainable control measures against E. amylovora.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11040554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T03:04:06Z","timestamp":1618196646000},"page":"554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["In Vitro Evaluation of Five Antimicrobial Peptides against the Plant Pathogen Erwinia amylovora"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5212-6172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael J.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CITAB\u2014Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CIBIO\u2014Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Associated Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6278-9727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Regalado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3494-737X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QRural, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, School of Agriculture, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"Tassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9506-3781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6018-4724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9913-1155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIBIO\u2014Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Associated Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vanneste, J.L. 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