{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T14:31:29Z","timestamp":1769351489548,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JPI Ocean","award":["JPIOCEANS\/0005\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPIOCEANS\/0005\/2015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the ecotoxicological effects of differently sized (4\u20136 \u00b5m and 20\u201325 \u00b5m) low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microplastics (MPs), with and without adsorbed benzo-a-pyrene (BaP), in clam Scrobicularia plana. Biomarkers of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase\u2014SOD; catalase\u2014CAT), biotransformation (glutathione-S-transferases\u2014GST), oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation\u2014LPO) and neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase\u2014AChE) were analysed in gills and digestive glands at different time intervals for a total of 14 days of exposure. In order to have a better impact perspective of these contaminants, an integrated biomarker response index (IBR) and Health Index were applied. Biomarker alterations are apparently more related to smaller sized (4\u20136 \u00b5m) MPs in gills and to virgin LDPE MPs in the digestive gland according to IBR results, while the digestive gland was more affected by these MPs according to the health index.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12010078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T20:42:16Z","timestamp":1641415336000},"page":"78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Influence of Particle Size on Ecotoxicity of Low-Density Polyethylene Microplastics, with and without Adsorbed Benzo-a-Pyrene, in Clam Scrobicularia plana"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"N\u00e9lia C. C.","family":"Mestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tain\u00e1 Garcia da","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo Z.","family":"Pedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6522-4668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla C.","family":"Carteny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Bettie","family":"Cormier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, \u00d6rebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, S-701 82 \u00d6rebro, Sweden"},{"name":"UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Keiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, \u00d6rebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, S-701 82 \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Bebianno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2005.120","article-title":"Remote Islands Reveal Rapid Rise of Southern Hemisphere Sea Debris","volume":"5","author":"Barnes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci. 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