{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T05:35:41Z","timestamp":1775885741109,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]],"date-time":"2022-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FEDER\u2014Fundo Europeu de Desenvolimento Regional","award":["IF\/00092\/2014\/CP1255\/CT0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00092\/2014\/CP1255\/CT0004"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["IF\/00092\/2014\/CP1255\/CT0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00092\/2014\/CP1255\/CT0004"]}]},{"name":"FCT and FEDER (European Union)","award":["IF\/00092\/2014\/CP1255\/CT0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00092\/2014\/CP1255\/CT0004"]}]},{"name":"CHAIR in Onco-Innovation at FMUP","award":["IF\/00092\/2014\/CP1255\/CT0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00092\/2014\/CP1255\/CT0004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Efavirenz (Sustiva\u00ae) is a first-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection or to prevent the spread of HIV. In 1998, the FDA authorized efavirenz for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Patients formerly required three 200 mg efavirenz capsules daily, which was rapidly updated to a 600 mg tablet that only required one tablet per day. However, when given 600 mg once daily, plasma efavirenz concentrations were linked not only to poor HIV suppression but also to toxicity. Clinical data suggested that the standard dose of efavirenz could be reduced without compromising its effectiveness, resulting in a reduction in side effects and making the drug more affordable. Therefore, ENCORE1 was performed to compare the efficiency and safeness of a reduced dose of efavirenz (400 mg) with the standard dose (600 mg) plus two NRTI in antiretroviral-na\u00efve HIV-infected individuals. Nowadays, due to the emergence of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), some consider that it is time to stop using efavirenz as a first-line treatment on a global scale, in the parts of the world where that is possible. Efavirenz has been a primary first-line antiviral drug for more than 15 years. However, at this moment, the best use for efavirenz could be for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and repurposing in medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13010088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T04:51:22Z","timestamp":1672635082000},"page":"88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Efavirenz: History, Development and Future"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1283-1042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"700","article-title":"Efavirenz DuPont Pharmaceuticals Co","volume":"1","author":"Dong","year":"1998","journal-title":"IDrugs"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"WHO (2022, December 05). 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