{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:03:36Z","timestamp":1770750216098,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":187,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","award":["No. 766347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 766347"]}]},{"name":"the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","award":["MAR-02.01.01-FEAMP-0175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAR-02.01.01-FEAMP-0175"]}]},{"name":"the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","award":["2021\/04870\/BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/04870\/BD"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA)","award":["No. 766347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 766347"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA)","award":["MAR-02.01.01-FEAMP-0175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAR-02.01.01-FEAMP-0175"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA)","award":["2021\/04870\/BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/04870\/BD"]}]},{"name":"the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology","award":["No. 766347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 766347"]}]},{"name":"the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology","award":["MAR-02.01.01-FEAMP-0175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAR-02.01.01-FEAMP-0175"]}]},{"name":"the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology","award":["2021\/04870\/BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/04870\/BD"]}]},{"name":"Viera and Clavijo contracts for prestigious doctors","award":["No. 766347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 766347"]}]},{"name":"Viera and Clavijo contracts for prestigious doctors","award":["MAR-02.01.01-FEAMP-0175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAR-02.01.01-FEAMP-0175"]}]},{"name":"Viera and Clavijo contracts for prestigious doctors","award":["2021\/04870\/BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/04870\/BD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dietary supplementation with Omega-3 fatty acids seems to promote skeletal health. Therefore, their consumption at imbalanced or excessive levels has offered less beneficial or even prejudicial effects. Fish produced in aquaculture regimes are prone to develop abnormal skeletons. Although larval cultures are usually fed with diets supplemented with Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), the lack of knowledge about the optimal requirements for fatty acids or about their impact on mechanisms that regulate skeletal development has impeded the design of diets that could improve bone formation during larval stages when the majority of skeletal anomalies appear. In this study, Argyrosomus regius larvae were fed different levels of Omega-3s (2.6% and 3.6% DW on diet) compared to a commercial diet. At 28 days after hatching (DAH), their transcriptomes were analyzed to study the modulation exerted in gene expression dynamics during larval development and identify impacted genes that can contribute to skeletal formation. Mainly, both levels of supplementation modulated bone-cell proliferation, the synthesis of bone components such as the extracellular matrix, and molecules involved in the interaction and signaling between bone components or in important cellular processes. The 2.6% level impacted several genes related to cartilage development, denoting a special impact on endochondral ossification, delaying this process. However, the 3.6% level seemed to accelerate this process by enhancing skeletal development. These results offered important insights into the impact of dietary Omega-3 LC-PUFAs on genes involved in the main molecular mechanism and cellular processes involved in skeletal development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14010056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T06:37:12Z","timestamp":1704004632000},"page":"56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring Omega-3\u2032s Impact on the Expression of Bone-Related Genes in Meagre (Argyrosomus regius)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Leticia","family":"Luj\u00e1n-Amoraga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquaculture Research Station (EPPO), Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), 8700-194 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9301-6033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Delgado-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Crop Protection, Institute of Subtropical and Mediterranean Horticulture (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29010 Malaga, Spain"}]},{"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Louren\u00e7o-Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquaculture Research Station (EPPO), Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), 8700-194 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Collaborative Laboratory on Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture (S2AQUACOLAB) Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s\/n, 8700-194 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9582-1957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo J.","family":"Gavaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve (UALG), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jimena","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) Crta. Taliarte s\/n, 35214 Telde, Spain"}]},{"given":"Narcisa M.","family":"Bandarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading, and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Rua Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho, 7, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6434-2734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) Crta. Taliarte s\/n, 35214 Telde, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3583-6660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisol S.","family":"Izquierdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) Crta. Taliarte s\/n, 35214 Telde, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6746-764X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Pous\u00e3o-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquaculture Research Station (EPPO), Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), 8700-194 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Collaborative Laboratory on Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture (S2AQUACOLAB) Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s\/n, 8700-194 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0110-8860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquaculture Research Station (EPPO), Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), 8700-194 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"S99","article-title":"Skeletal anomalies in reared European fish larvae and juveniles. Part 2: Main typologies, occurrences and causative factors","volume":"5","author":"Boglione","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.063032","article-title":"Bone remodelling at a glance Bone Remodelling at a Glance","volume":"2011","author":"Crockett","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell. 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