{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T13:28:31Z","timestamp":1776691711218,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Pro-gramme-Project Lifesaver","award":["101036702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101036702"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Molecular biomarker profiling is an emerging field in maternal-fetal health with the potential to transform early detection and prediction of placental dysfunction. By analysing a range of biomarkers in maternal blood, researchers and clinicians can gain crucial insights into placental health, enabling timely interventions to enhance fetal and maternal outcomes. Placental structural function is vital for fetal growth and development, and disruptions can lead to serious pregnancy complications like preeclampsia. While conventional methods such as ultrasound and Doppler velocimetry offer valuable information on fetal growth and blood flow, they have limitations in predicting placental dysfunction before clinical signs manifest. In contrast, molecular biomarker profiling can provide a more comprehensive assessment by measuring proteins, metabolites, and microRNAs (miRNAs) in maternal blood, reflecting the placenta\u2019s endocrine and metabolic functions. This approach offers a deeper understanding of placental health and function, aiding in early detection and prediction of complications. Challenges in developing molecular biomarker profiling include pinpointing specific molecular changes in the placenta linked to pathologies, timing predictions of conditions before clinical onset, and understanding how placental dysfunction affects maternal metabolism. Validating specific biomarkers and integrating them effectively into clinical practice requires further research. This review underscores the significance of molecular biomarker profiling as a powerful tool for early detection and prediction of placental dysfunction in maternal-fetal health. Through an exploration of biomarker analysis, we delve into how a deeper understanding of placental health can potentially improve outcomes for both mother and baby. Furthermore, we address the critical need to validate the utility of biomarkers and effectively integrate them into clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15030312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T04:03:17Z","timestamp":1740024197000},"page":"312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Molecular Biomarkers for Timely and Personalized Prediction of Maternal-Fetal Health Risk"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Estrela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita F.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Molecular and Analytical Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0348-9625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Masserdotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science and Public Health, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6208-3583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonietta","family":"Silini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5211-6430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ornella","family":"Parolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science and Public Health, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cAgostino Gemelli\u201d IRCCS, 00136 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas Mendes","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Molecular and Analytical Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1662-3072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0594","article-title":"Concise Review: Isolation and Characterization of Cells from Human Term Placenta: Outcome of the First International Workshop on Placenta Derived Stem Cells","volume":"26","author":"Parolini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2008.055277","article-title":"The anatomy of the normal placenta","volume":"61","author":"Huppertz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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