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This study assessed the impact of the consumption of a northern Portuguese polyphenol-rich EVOO with a high profile of bioactive molecules on several parameters, such as saliva and serum inflammatory biomarkers, and explored EVOO impact on gut and oral microbiota regarding Bacillota and Bacteroidota content. Thus, the impact on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), C-reactive protein (CRP), inflammatory biomarkers, and faecal and salivary microbiomes were evaluated before and after the exposure to EVOO. The results showed that EVOO promotes a decrease in the levels of HbA1C and in the pro-inflammatory interleukin IL-1\u03b2, associated with inflammatory processes. Moreover, EVOO intake modulated gut and oral microbiota, increasing Bacteroidota in both ecological niches and Bacillota in the oral microbiota, both phyla being associated with health, demonstrating a prebiotic effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15030338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T08:28:31Z","timestamp":1740558511000},"page":"338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Unraveling the Extra Virgin Olive Oil Effect on Inflammation and on Gut and Saliva Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5040-735X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Correia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3201-0081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana T. P. C.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sa\u00fade (CIIS), Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Estrada da Circunvala\u00e7\u00e3o, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"El Maghariki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sa\u00fade (CIIS), Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Estrada da Circunvala\u00e7\u00e3o, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6141-9089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sa\u00fade (CIIS), Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Estrada da Circunvala\u00e7\u00e3o, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5123-2918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9437-5687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana Cristina","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4604-0780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sa\u00fade (CIIS), Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Estrada da Circunvala\u00e7\u00e3o, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7883-2446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2772","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1470491","article-title":"The effect of high-polyphenol extra virgin olive oil on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"George","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. 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