{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T05:22:55Z","timestamp":1764393775463,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antarctic algae have evolved in extreme environmental conditions, developing unique metabolic adaptations with significant biotechnological potential. In this study, we explored the bioactivity of the sea-ice microalga Microglena antarctica by preparing acetone and methanol extracts from biomass cultivated at 4, 8, and 16 \u00b0C. These extracts were screened for their in vitro antioxidant properties and inhibitory activities on enzymes related to Alzheimer\u2019s disease (acetylcholinesterase: AChE, butyrylcholinesterase: BChE), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, \u03b1-glucosidase, \u03b1-amylase), obesity (lipase), and hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase). Our screening revealed a high capacity of acetone extracts to scavenge the ABTS\u2022+ radical (EC50 ranging from 3.57 to 4.18 mg mL\u22121), along with strong copper chelating activity in both acetone and methanol extracts (EC50 values of 6.31 and 6.41 mg mL\u22121). Relevant inhibition towards \u03b1-amylase (IC50 values of 3.34 and 4.53 mg mL\u22121) and tyrosinase (with IC50 ranging from 3.82 to 5.47 mg mL\u22121) was reported for acetone and methanol extracts, respectively. UHPLC-HRMS-based profiling revealed the presence of lipidic molecules, such as glycolipids, phospholipids, and betaine lipids with polyunsaturated carbon chains, together with carotenoids, including canthaxanthin and adonixanthin, which are likely responsible for the observed bioactivities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15121658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T10:25:16Z","timestamp":1764239116000},"page":"1658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bioactivity and Chemical Profiling of the Sea-Ice Microalga Microglena antarctica (Chlorophyceae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2886-3364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Trentin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58\/B, 35131 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Ed. 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6273-7396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Moschin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58\/B, 35131 Padova, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4338-7703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Cust\u00f3dio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Ed. 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7850-6031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella","family":"Moro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58\/B, 35131 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3390\/biology3010056","article-title":"Polar Microalgae: New Approaches towards Understanding Adaptations to an Extreme and Changing Environment","volume":"3","author":"Lyon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swadling, K.M., Constable, A.J., Fraser, A.D., Massom, R.A., Borup, M.D., Ghigliotti, L., Granata, A., Guglielmo, L., Johnston, N.M., and Kawaguchi, S. (2023). Biological Responses to Change in Antarctic Sea Ice Habitats. Front. Ecol. 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