{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T14:28:27Z","timestamp":1768314507027,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CICECO Aveiro Institute of Materials","award":["UID\/50011\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50011\/2025"]}]},{"name":"CICECO Aveiro Institute of Materials","award":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023.06221.CEECIND\/CP2840\/CT0019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.06221.CEECIND\/CP2840\/CT0019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/03075\/2018\/CP1559\/CT0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/03075\/2018\/CP1559\/CT0020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Smart nanocarriers are being increasingly explored to improve the performance selectivity of cancer chemotherapy. Here, two pH-responsive magnetic nanocarriers were developed using quaternary chitosan (HTCC) functionalized with 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate- ICPTES (MNP-HTCC1) or 3-(glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane-GPTMS (MNP-HTCC2) to form hybrid silica shells on Fe3O4 cores. The resulting core\u2013shell nanoparticles (14.5 and 12.5 nm) displayed highly positive zeta potentials (+45.4 to +27.1 mV, pH 4.2\u20139.5), confirming successful HTCC incorporation and strong colloidal stability. Both nanocarriers achieved high doxorubicin (DOX) loading at pH 9.5, reaching 90% efficiency and a capacity of 154 \u00b5g DOX per mg. DOX release was pH-dependent, with faster release under acidic conditions relevant to tumor and endo-lysosomal environments. At pH 4.2, MNP-HTCC1 released 90% of DOX over 72 h, while MNP-HTCC2 released 79%. Release at pH 5.0 was intermediate (67\u201372%), and moderate at physiological pH (43\u201355%). All formulations showed an initial burst followed by sustained release. Kinetic modelling (Weibull) indicated a diffusion-controlled mechanism consistent with Fickian transport through the HTCC\u2013silica matrix. Cytotoxicity assays using MCF-7 breast cancer cells revealed greater cytotoxicity for DOX-loaded nanocarriers compared with free DOX, with MNP-HTCC1 showing the strongest effect. Overall, these HTCC-based magnetic nanocarriers offer efficient loading, controlled pH-triggered DOX release, and enhanced therapeutic performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16010137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T08:17:32Z","timestamp":1768292252000},"page":"137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Magnetic Nanocarriers with ICPTES- and GPTMS-Functionalized Quaternary Chitosan for pH-Responsive Doxorubicin Release"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3172-5437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia F.","family":"Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana L. M.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Beatriz S.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1265-5744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo","family":"Marinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2600-8599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0525-3416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Martel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6581-8880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana L.","family":"Daniel-da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-02198-8","article-title":"Advancements and Limitations in Traditional Anti-Cancer Therapies: A Comprehensive Review of Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation Therapy, and Hormonal Therapy","volume":"16","author":"Zafar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov. 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