{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:58:46Z","timestamp":1792789126255,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mexican National Council of Science and Technology","award":["CF-21887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF-21887"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059ex5q34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Mexican National Council of Science and Technology","award":["ApoyoLN-2025-C-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ApoyoLN-2025-C-23"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059ex5q34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Mexican National Council of Science and Technology","award":["CBF-2025-I-795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBF-2025-I-795"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059ex5q34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The palliative and anti-cancer properties of CBD are attracting increasing attention. We have examined the dose-dependent effects of CBD on the viability and antitumor properties of human NK cells. CBD killed NK cells with an apparent IC50 of 77 \u03bcM at 24\u201348 h of incubation. Concentrations up to 10 \u03bcM caused neither cell death nor a significant decrease in metabolic activity, whereas concentrations above 30 \u03bcM provoked cell death. The antagonist of CB1 partly reverted CBD cytotoxicity, whereas the antagonist of CB2 was inefficient. Cyclosporin A (CsA), an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, mPTP, strongly suppressed the CBD cytotoxicity. CBD produced the CsA-sensitive depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential in leukemic Jurkat cells, with a lesser effect on NK cells. The cytotoxicity of NK cells against Jurkat cells was evaluated in a 1:1 co-culture. Different donors displayed greatly variable NK cells\u2019 degranulation, which was unaffected by a pre-treatment with up to 25 \u03bcM of CBD. NK cells from half of the tested donors displayed maximal cytotoxicity against target cells upon pretreatment with up to 25 \u03bcM of CBD, whereas in others, NK cytotoxicity decreased by 60%. Therefore, the appropriateness of including CBD in anticancer treatment should be carefully assessed based on the concentrations expected for palliative or antitumor effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16101491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T07:13:49Z","timestamp":1791962029000},"page":"1491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effect of Cannabidiol on the Viability and Anticancer Properties of Human NK Cells: Consequences for Therapies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-I\u00f1iguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology and Ionic Transport Regulation, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Colima, Av. 25 de Julio #965, Villas de San Sebasti\u00e1n, Colima 28045, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4832-128X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Olivas-Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cancer Pathophysiology, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico"},{"name":"Secretariat of Science, Humanities, Technology and Innovation (SECIHTI), Researchers for Mexico Program, Mexico City 03940, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9657-9226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Pottosin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology and Ionic Transport Regulation, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Colima, Av. 25 de Julio #965, Villas de San Sebasti\u00e1n, Colima 28045, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1526-6517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oxana","family":"Dobrovinskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology and Ionic Transport Regulation, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Colima, Av. 25 de Julio #965, Villas de San Sebasti\u00e1n, Colima 28045, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olivas-Aguirre, M., Torres-L\u00f3pez, L., Villatoro-Gomez, K., P\u00e9rez-Tapia, S.M., Pottosin, I., and Dobrovinskaya, O. 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