{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T06:08:03Z","timestamp":1769148483577,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":209,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,18]],"date-time":"2019-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["640553 - ACTOMYO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["640553 - ACTOMYO"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["CEECIND\/01967\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01967\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["DL 57\/2016\/CP1355\/CT0017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DL 57\/2016\/CP1355\/CT0017"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["SFRH\/BD\/121874\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/121874\/2016"]}]},{"name":"NORTE 2020, PORTUGAL 2020, FEDER","award":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000029"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cytokinesis is the last stage of cell division, which partitions the mother cell into two daughter cells. It requires the assembly and constriction of a contractile ring that consists of a filamentous contractile network of actin and myosin. Network contractility depends on network architecture, level of connectivity and myosin motor activity, but how exactly is the contractile ring network organized or interconnected and how much it depends on motor activity remains unclear. Moreover, the contractile ring is not an isolated entity; rather, it is integrated into the surrounding cortex. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the cell cortex and cortical behaviors are expected to impact contractile ring functioning. Due to the complexity of the process, experimental approaches have been coupled to theoretical modeling in order to advance its global understanding. While earlier coarse-grained descriptions attempted to provide an integrated view of the process, recent models have mostly focused on understanding the behavior of an isolated contractile ring. Here we provide an overview of the organization and dynamics of the actomyosin network during cytokinesis and discuss existing theoretical models in light of cortical behaviors and experimental evidence from several systems. Our view on what is missing in current models and should be tested in the future is provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9050194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T11:05:07Z","timestamp":1558350307000},"page":"194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Network Contractility during Cytokinesis\u2014From Molecular to Global Views"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5970-1870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Leite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade \u2013 i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular\u2014IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Daniel Sampaio","family":"Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade \u2013 i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular\u2014IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Filipa","family":"Sobral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade \u2013 i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular\u2014IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Marta","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade \u2013 i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular\u2014IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Xavier","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade \u2013 i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular\u2014IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1050010107","article-title":"A contribution to the history of the germ-layers in Clepsine","volume":"1","author":"Whitman","year":"1887","journal-title":"J. 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