{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T13:33:21Z","timestamp":1776087201941,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":217,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/CTM\/50011\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/CTM\/50011\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/QUI\/00062\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/QUI\/00062\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The current interest of the scientific community for the exploitation of high-value compounds from macroalgae is related to the increasing knowledge of their biological activities and health benefits. Macroalgae phenolic compounds, particularly phlorotannins, have gained particular attention due to their specific bioactivities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, or antidiabetic. Notwithstanding, the characterization of macroalgae phenolic compounds is a multi-step task, with high challenges associated with their isolation and characterization, due to the highly complex and polysaccharide-rich matrix of macroalgae. Therefore, this fraction is far from being fully explored. In fact, a critical revision of the extraction and characterization methodologies already used in the analysis of phenolic compounds from macroalgae is lacking in the literature, and it is of uttermost importance to compile validated methodologies and discourage misleading practices. The aim of this review is to discuss the state-of-the-art of phenolic compounds already identified in green, red, and brown macroalgae, reviewing their structural classification, as well as critically discussing extraction methodologies, chromatographic separation techniques, and the analytical strategies for their characterization, including information about structural identification techniques and key spectroscopic profiles. For the first time, mass spectrometry data of phlorotannins, a chemical family quite exclusive of macroalgae, is compiled and discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9120847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T11:22:51Z","timestamp":1575890571000},"page":"847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["The Quest for Phenolic Compounds from Macroalgae: A Review of Extraction and Identification Methodologies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6749-7619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia A. O.","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4766-3736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"F\u00e9lix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"On Leave MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0974-4853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana C. S.","family":"Pais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"S\u00edlvia M.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QOPNA\/LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5403-8416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando J. D.","family":"Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1818","article-title":"Dietary (Poly)phenolics in Human Health: Structures, Bioavailability, and Evidence of Protective Effects Against Chronic Diseases","volume":"18","author":"Spencer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.01.049","article-title":"Biological, chemical and in silico fingerprints of Dianthus calocephalus Boiss.: A novel source for rutin","volume":"113","author":"Uysal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.08.044","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel extracts performed by high pressure and enzymatic assisted extraction","volume":"115","author":"Alexandre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2013.08.034","article-title":"Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry applied to the identification of valuable phenolic compounds from eucalyptus wood","volume":"938","author":"Santos","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2011.03.011","article-title":"Bioactive potential and possible health effects of edible brown seaweeds","volume":"22","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-005-0102-6","article-title":"Daily and seasonal variations of optimum quantum yield and phenolic compounds in Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Phaeophyta)","volume":"148","author":"Figueroa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-012-9918-x","article-title":"Antioxidant properties and total phenolic contents of some tropical seaweeds of the Brazilian coast","volume":"25","author":"Martins","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2012.10.088","article-title":"Green improved processes to extract bioactive phenolic compounds from brown macroalgae using Sargassum muticum as model","volume":"104","author":"Laurent","year":"2013","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catarino, M.D., Silva, A.M.S., Mateus, N., and Cardoso, S.M. (2019). Optimization of phlorotannins extraction from Fucus vesiculosus and evaluation of their potential to prevent metabolic disorders. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17030162"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.2354","article-title":"Profiling phlorotannins in brown macroalgae by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry","volume":"23","author":"Steevensz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20011118","article-title":"Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in algal food products","volume":"20","author":"Machu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.10.078","article-title":"Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of selected species of seaweeds from Danish coast","volume":"138","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.50.1297","article-title":"Two New Cinnamic Acid Esters from Marine Brown Alga Spatoglossum variabile","volume":"50","author":"Hayat","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo)"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"209","article-title":"Antioxidant Activity of the Extracts from Freshwater Macroalgae (Cladophora glomerata) Grown in Northern Thailand and Its Preventive Effect against Lipid Oxidation of Refrigerated Eastern Little Tuna Slice","volume":"19","author":"Yarnpakdee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.2331\/fishsci.68.sup2_1647","article-title":"The distribution and profile of nutrients and catechins of some Indonesian seaweeds","volume":"68","author":"Santoso","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fish. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Distribution of flavonoids and related compounds from seaweeds in Japan","volume":"89","author":"Hsieh","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Tokyo Univ. Fish."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2016.02.005","article-title":"Identification and characterization of phenolic antioxidant compounds from brown Irish seaweed Himanthalia elongata using LC-DAD\u2013ESI-MS\/MS","volume":"37","author":"Rajauria","year":"2016","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2010.07.020","article-title":"Hyphenated technique for the extraction and determination of isoflavones in algae: Ultrasound-assisted supercritical fluid extraction followed by fast chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"1217","author":"Klejdus","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/10498850.2019.1594483","article-title":"Identification of Polyphenols from Chilean Brown Seaweeds Extracts by LC-DAD-ESI-MS\/MS","volume":"28","author":"Barriga","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Aquat. Food Prod. Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"298","article-title":"GC-MS analysis, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the brown algae, Padina tetrastromatica","volume":"9","author":"Maheswari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartmann, A., Ganzera, M., Karsten, U., Skhirtladze, A., and Stuppner, H. (2018). Phytochemical and analytical characterization of novel sulfated coumarins in the marine green macroalga Dasycladus vermicularis (Scopoli) Krasser. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23112735"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(98)00754-7","article-title":"4-Hydroxybenzoic acid: A likely precursor of 2,4,6-tribromophenol in Ulva lactuca","volume":"51","author":"Flodin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.49.105","article-title":"Two New Aurones from Marine Brown Alga Spatoglossum variabile","volume":"49","author":"Choudhary","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo)"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-40422000000600009","article-title":"Fen\u00f3is halogenados e\/ou sulfatados de macroalgas marinhas","volume":"23","author":"Roque","year":"2000","journal-title":"Quim. Nova"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(01)85415-0","article-title":"1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene 2,5-disulfate ester: The \u201cphenolic precursor\u201d in gelbstoff-forming exudates from the marine brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Lejol","volume":"19","author":"Jensen","year":"1978","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2014.12.026","article-title":"Carnosic acid","volume":"115","author":"Dussort","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00003468","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of brown algal polyphenols as inhibitors of \u03b1-amylase, lipase and trypsin","volume":"1","author":"Barwell","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3390\/md13010509","article-title":"Profiling of the molecular weight and structural isomer abundance of macroalgae-derived phlorotannins","volume":"13","author":"Heffernan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2011.09.015","article-title":"Phlorotannins as bioactive agents from brown algae","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1039\/b600518g","article-title":"Phloroglucinol compounds of natural origin","volume":"23","author":"Singh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, I.P., and Sidana, J. (2013). Phlorotannins. Functional Ingredients from Algae for Foods and Nutraceuticals, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1533\/9780857098689.1.181"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5340","DOI":"10.1021\/jf300157w","article-title":"Isolation and identification of phlorotannins from Ecklonia stolonifera with antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties in tacrine-treated HepG2 cells","volume":"60","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.02.112","article-title":"Preparative isolation and purification of phlorotannins from Ecklonia cava using centrifugal partition chromatography by one-step","volume":"158","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"326","article-title":"High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of phlorotannins from the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus","volume":"18","author":"Koivikko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal. Int. J. Plant Chem. Biochem. Tech."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.3390\/md10122766","article-title":"Phlorotannin extracts from fucales characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSN: Approaches to hyaluronidase inhibitory capacity and antioxidant properties","volume":"10","author":"Ferreres","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201400133","article-title":"Separation and characterization of phlorotannins from brown algae Cystoseira abies-marina by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography","volume":"35","author":"Montero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)83820-0","article-title":"Phlorotannins of phaeophycea Laminaria ochroleuca","volume":"19","author":"Koch","year":"1980","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.11.057","article-title":"Determination of major phlorotannins in Eisenia bicyclis using hydrophilic interaction chromatography: Seasonal variation and extraction characteristics","volume":"138","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(91)83054-O","article-title":"Sulphated phlorotannins from the brown alga Pleurophycus gardneri","volume":"31","author":"Glombitza","year":"1992","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1021\/np990076c","article-title":"Nonhalogenated and Halogenated Phlorotannins from the Brown Alga Carpophyllum angustifolium","volume":"62","author":"Glombitza","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-7189(199903\/04)7:2<57::AID-NT42>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Halogenated phlorethols and fucophlorethols from the brown alga Cystophora retroflexa","volume":"7","author":"Sailler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Toxins"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2017.04.011","article-title":"Antifungal activity of crude extracts from brown and red seaweeds by a supercritical carbon dioxide technique against fruit postharvest fungal diseases","volume":"131","author":"Salimbeni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(97)00499-8","article-title":"Fucophlorethols from the brown algae Sargassum spinuligerum and Cystophora torulosa","volume":"46","author":"Glombitza","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.2697","article-title":"Phlorotannin Composition of Laminaria digitata","volume":"28","author":"Vissers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)80764-5","article-title":"Phlorotannins with dibenzodioxin structural elements from the brown alga Eisenia arborea","volume":"24","author":"Glombitza","year":"1985","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)84115-1","article-title":"Brominated phlorethols and nonhalogenated phlorotannins from the brown alga Cystophora congesta","volume":"23","author":"Koch","year":"1984","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"129","article-title":"Phlorotannins, brown algal polyphenols","volume":"Volume 4","author":"Round","year":"1982","journal-title":"Progress in Phycological Research"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.1.230S","article-title":"Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies","volume":"81","author":"Manach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.027","article-title":"Bioactive properties and potentials cosmeceutical applications of phlorotannins isolated from brown seaweeds: A review","volume":"162","author":"Sanjeewa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4808","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666170523120101","article-title":"Phenolic Compounds from Edible Algae: Bioactivity and Health Benefits","volume":"25","author":"Montero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(04)01409-8","article-title":"Extraction and analysis of phenolics in food","volume":"1054","author":"Naczk","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2006.11.040","article-title":"Investigation on phenolic compounds stability during microwave-assisted extraction","volume":"1140","author":"Liazid","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)00882-2","article-title":"Stability of phenolic compounds during extraction with superheated solvents","volume":"921","author":"Palma","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2974","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-014-1355-1","article-title":"The optimum conditions for the extraction of antioxidant compounds from the Persian gulf green algae (Chaetomorpha sp.) using response surface methodology","volume":"52","author":"Safari","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2014.10.007","article-title":"Optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction of bioactive components from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum using response surface methodology","volume":"23","author":"Kadam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2018.1454465","article-title":"Exploring bioactive fraction of Sargassum wightii: In vitro elucidation of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibition and antioxidant potential","volume":"21","author":"Vijayan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Prop."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.10.034","article-title":"Investigation of common chemical components and inhibitory effect on GES-type \u03b2-lactamase (GES22) in methanolic extracts of Algerian seaweeds","volume":"126","author":"Houchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2017.11.025","article-title":"Profiling phlorotannins from Fucus spp. of the Northern Portuguese coastline: Chemical approach by HPLC-DAD-ESI\/MSn and UPLC-ESI-QTOF\/MS","volume":"29","author":"Lopes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.08.032","article-title":"Structure dependent antioxidant capacity of phlorotannins from Icelandic Fucus vesiculosus by UHPLC-DAD-ECD-QTOFMS","volume":"240","author":"Hermund","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"1934578X1801300","article-title":"Antioxidant and Cosmeceutical Activities of Agarum cribrosum Phlorotannin Extracted by Ultrasound Treatment","volume":"13","author":"Phasanasophon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2018.03.009","article-title":"Fucoidanase inhibitory activity of phlorotannins from brown algae","volume":"32","author":"Imbs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2009.10.020","article-title":"In vitro chemopreventive potential of fucophlorethols from the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus L. by anti-oxidant activity and inhibition of selected cytochrome P450 enzymes","volume":"71","author":"Parys","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.10.002","article-title":"Optimization and validation of reverse phase HPLC method for qualitative and quantitative assessment of polyphenols in seaweed","volume":"148","author":"Rajauria","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1021\/np070302f","article-title":"Evaluation of quantitative methods for the determination of polyphenols in algal extracts","volume":"70","author":"Parys","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-013-1189-2","article-title":"Antioxidant activities and phenolic contents of three red seaweeds (Division: Rhodophyta) harvested from the Gulf of Mannar of Peninsular India","volume":"52","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-014-0467-3","article-title":"Effect of different drying techniques on the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of Kappaphycus alvarezii","volume":"27","author":"Ling","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2010.12.022","article-title":"Effect of different drying temperatures on the moisture and phytochemical constituents of edible Irish brown seaweed","volume":"44","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-015-0602-9","article-title":"Comparison of different techniques for the preservation and extraction of phlorotannins in the kelp Lessonia spicata (Phaeophyceae): Assays of DPPH, ORAC-PGR, and ORAC-FL as testing methods","volume":"28","author":"Cruces","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2016.03.019","article-title":"Identification and efficient extraction method of phlorotannins from the brown seaweed Macrocystis pyrifera using an orthogonal experimental design","volume":"16","author":"Leyton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes, G., Sousa, C., Silva, L.R., Pinto, E., Andrade, P.B., Bernardo, J., Mouga, T., and Valent\u00e3o, P. (2012). Can phlorotannins purified extracts constitute a novel pharmacological alternative for microbial infections with associated inflammatory conditions?. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031145"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-017-1141-3","article-title":"Improvement in carbohydrate and phlorotannin extraction from Macrocystis pyrifera using carbohydrate active enzyme from marine Alternaria sp. as pretreatment","volume":"29","author":"Leyton","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2009.03.027","article-title":"Bioactive phenols in algae: The application of pressurized-liquid and solid-phase extraction techniques","volume":"51","author":"Klejdus","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.60417","article-title":"Isolation of a new anti-allergic phlorotannin, phlorofucofuroeckol-B, from an Edible Brown Alga, Eisenia arborea","volume":"70","author":"Sugiura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.03.006","article-title":"Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta macroalgae: A source of health promoting phytochemicals","volume":"183","author":"Santos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-016-0855-y","article-title":"Bioprospecting for lipophilic-like components of five Phaeophyta macroalgae from the Portuguese coast","volume":"28","author":"Santos","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02977904","article-title":"Hepatoprotective constituents of the edible brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.11.111","article-title":"Anti-proliferative and potential anti-diabetic effects of phenolic-rich extracts from edible marine algae","volume":"126","author":"Nwosu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.01.019","article-title":"Enrichment of polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of Irish brown macroalgae using food-friendly techniques based on polarity and molecular size","volume":"139","author":"Tierney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-005-0984-2","article-title":"Contents of soluble, cell-wall-bound and exuded phlorotannins in the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus, with implications on their ecological functions","volume":"31","author":"Koivikko","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5874","DOI":"10.1021\/jf3003653","article-title":"Antioxidant capacities of phlorotannins extracted from the brown algae Fucus vesiculosus","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4786","DOI":"10.1039\/C4GC00236A","article-title":"Ionic liquid solutions as extractive solvents for value-added compounds from biomass","volume":"16","author":"Passos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1021\/sc500096j","article-title":"Natural deep eutectic solvents-Solvents for the 21st century","volume":"2","author":"Paiva","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1021\/np400051w","article-title":"Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents in natural products research: Mixtures of solids as extraction solvents","volume":"76","author":"Dai","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"Saltmarsh, M., Santos-Buelga, C., and Williamson, G. (2003). Methods in Polyphenol Analysis, RSC."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2013.01.014","article-title":"Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review","volume":"117","author":"Azmir","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"713","article-title":"Comparison of Ecklonia cava, Ecklonia stolonifera and Eisenia bicyclis for phlorotannin extraction","volume":"35","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Environ. Biol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.12038","article-title":"Influence of pressurised liquid extraction and solid-liquid extraction methods on the phenolic content and antioxidant activities of Irish macroalgae","volume":"48","author":"Tierney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2014.06.018","article-title":"Phenolic-rich extracts from the edible seaweed, Ascophyllum nodosum, inhibit \u03b1-amylase and \u03b1-glucosidase: Potential anti-hyperglycemic effects","volume":"10","author":"Pantidos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s40995-017-0388-5","article-title":"Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Anticancer and Antibacterial Properties of the Caspian Sea Red Macroalgae, Laurencia caspica","volume":"43","author":"Moshfegh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. A Sci."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.12512","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of pressurised liquid and solid-liquid extracts from four Irish origin macroalgae","volume":"49","author":"Heffernan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-017-1080-z","article-title":"Isolation of polyphenols with anticancer activity from the Baltic Sea brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus using bioassay-guided fractionation","volume":"29","author":"Zenthoefer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernardini, G., Minetti, M., Polizzotto, G., Biazzo, M., and Santucci, A. (2018). Pro-Apoptotic Activity of French Polynesian Padina pavonica Extract on Human Osteosarcoma Cells. Mar. Drugs, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/md16120504"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Domozych, D.S. (2011). Algal Cell Walls. eLS., John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470015902.a0000315.pub3"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02028510","article-title":"Phlorotannins-protein interactions","volume":"22","author":"Stern","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3177","DOI":"10.1021\/jf504220e","article-title":"Impact of enzyme-and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods on biological properties of red, brown, and green seaweeds from the Central West Coast of Portugal","volume":"63","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.06.098","article-title":"Considerations on the use of enzyme-assisted extraction in combination with pressurized liquids to recover bioactive compounds from algae","volume":"192","author":"Montero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2010.05.010","article-title":"Enzyme-enhanced extraction of antioxidant ingredients from red algae Palmaria palmata","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-015-0665-7","article-title":"Comparison of different extraction techniques for obtaining extracts from brown seaweeds and their potential effects as angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors","volume":"28","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2006.01485.x","article-title":"Optimisation of hydrophilic antioxidant extraction from Hizikia fusiformis by integrating treatments of enzymes, heat and pH control","volume":"43","author":"Siriwardhana","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-014-0476-2","article-title":"Improved antioxidant activities of brown seaweed Ecklonia radiata extracts prepared by microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction","volume":"27","author":"Charoensiddhi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.03.013","article-title":"Inhibitory activity of minor phlorotannins from Ecklonia cava on \u03b1-glucosidase","volume":"257","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2018.10.019","article-title":"Metabolite profiling, antioxidant, scavenging and anti-proliferative activities of selected tropical green seaweeds reveal the nutraceutical potential of Caulerpa spp.","volume":"36","author":"Tanna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9508199","article-title":"Accelerated Solvent Extraction: A Technique for Sample Preparation","volume":"68","author":"Richter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2015.07.053","article-title":"Anti-proliferative activity and chemical characterization by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry of phlorotannins from the brown macroalga Sargassum muticum collected on North-Atlantic coasts","volume":"1428","author":"Montero","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2018.09.057","article-title":"Application of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) to obtain bioactive fatty acids and phenols from Laminaria ochroleuca collected in Galicia (NW Spain)","volume":"164","author":"Otero","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heavisides, E., Rouger, C., Reichel, A.F., Ulrich, C., Wenzel-Storjohann, A., Sebens, S., and Tasdemir, D. (2018). Seasonal Variations in the Metabolome and Bioactivity Profile of Fucus vesiculosus Extracted by an Optimised, Pressurised Liquid Extraction Protocol. Mar. Drugs, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/md16120503"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-011-0573-z","article-title":"Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids: A Review","volume":"5","author":"Routray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1007\/s00343-013-2321-x","article-title":"Optimization of the microwave-assisted extraction of phlorotannins from Saccharina japonica Aresch and evaluation of the inhibitory effects of phlorotannin-containing extracts on HepG2 cancer cells","volume":"31","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-012-9813-5","article-title":"Preparation and antioxidant property of extract and semipurified fractions of Caulerpa racemosa","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.07.021","article-title":"Microwave assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from four economic brown macroalgae species and evaluation of their antioxidant activities and inhibitory effects on \u03b1-amylase, \u03b1-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase and tyrosinase","volume":"113","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1515\/chem-2015-0132","article-title":"Seaweed extract by microwave assisted extraction as plant growth biostimulant","volume":"13","author":"Michalak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Chem."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2014.02.020","article-title":"Microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity processing of Sargassum muticum","volume":"49","author":"Conde","year":"2014","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-9936(03)00102-X","article-title":"Ultrasound: A powerful tool for leaching","volume":"22","year":"2003","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1080\/01496395.2014.960050","article-title":"Effect of Ultrasound Pretreatment on the Extraction Kinetics of Bioactives from Brown Seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum)","volume":"50","author":"Kadam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sep. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, X., Yi, M., Ding, L., He, S., and Yan, X. (2019). Isolation and Purification of a Neuroprotective Phlorotannin from the Marine Algae Ecklonia maxima by Size Exclusion and High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17040212"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, H., Doan, T., Ha, T., Kim, H., Lee, B., Pham, H., Cho, T., Oh, W., Cho, H.M., and Doan, T.P. (2019). Dereplication by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectroscopy (qTOF-MS) and Antiviral Activities of Phlorotannins from Ecklonia cava. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17030149"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1080\/10498850.2013.868844","article-title":"Optimization of Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compound Extraction Conditions from Red Seaweed (Laurencia obtuse)","volume":"25","author":"Topuz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Aquat. Food Prod. Technol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.03.043","article-title":"Phenolic compounds from three brown seaweed species using LC-DAD\u2013ESI-MS\/MS","volume":"99","author":"Munekata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mor\u00e1n-Santiba\u00f1ez, K., Pe\u00f1a-Hern\u00e1ndez, M., Cruz-Su\u00e1rez, L., Ricque-Marie, D., Skouta, R., Vasquez, A., Rodr\u00edguez-Padilla, C., and Trejo-Avila, L. (2018). Virucidal and Synergistic Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts of Seaweeds against Measles Virus. Viruses, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/v10090465"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, G., Liu, X., Yan, X., Liu, D., Yang, C., Liu, B., Huang, Y., and Zhao, C. (2018). Role of green macroalgae Enteromorpha prolifera Polyphenols in the modulation of gene expression and intestinal microflora profiles in Type 2 diabetic mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20010025"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2006.03.020","article-title":"Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of natural matter","volume":"38","author":"Reverchon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2009.12.019","article-title":"Supercritical fluid extraction: Recent advances and applications","volume":"1217","author":"Herrero","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1021\/jf052858j","article-title":"Supercritical CO2 Extraction and Purification of Compounds with Antioxidant Activity","volume":"54","author":"Moure","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-9140(00)00557-9","article-title":"Supercritical fluid extraction in herbal and natural product studies\u2014A practical review","volume":"53","author":"Lang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-014-0389-0","article-title":"Supercritical CO2 extraction of fatty acids, phenolics and fucoxanthin from freeze-dried Sargassum muticum","volume":"27","author":"Conde","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1007\/s12257-008-0104-6","article-title":"Extraction of fucoxanthin and polyphenol from Undaria pinnatifida using supercritical carbon dioxide with co-solvent","volume":"13","author":"Roh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/09670262.2015.1134813","article-title":"Supercritical fluid extraction of algae enhances levels of biologically active compounds promoting plant growth","volume":"51","author":"Michalak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2014.11.004","article-title":"Biological activities of two macroalgae from Adriatic coast of Montenegro","volume":"22","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)88697-5","article-title":"On phosphotungstic-phosphomolybdic compounds as color reagents","volume":"2","author":"Folin","year":"1912","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)84277-6","article-title":"Tyrosine and Tryptophane in Proteins","volume":"73","author":"Folin","year":"1927","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.1965.16.3.144","article-title":"Colorimetry of Total Phenolics with Phosphomolybdic-Phosphotungstic Acid Reagents","volume":"16","author":"Singleton","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Vitic."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02266965","article-title":"A new assay for quantifying brown algal phlorotannins and comparisons to previous methods","volume":"22","author":"Stern","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1021\/jf60214a034","article-title":"Rapid Visual Estimation and Spectrophotometric Determination of Tannin Content of Sorghum Grain","volume":"25","author":"Price","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4290","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0502698","article-title":"Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements","volume":"53","author":"Prior","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2015.02.007","article-title":"Manipulating antioxidant content in macroalgae in intensive land-based cultivation systems for functional food applications","volume":"8","author":"Magnusson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3354\/ab00573","article-title":"Short-term ecophysiological and biochemical responses of Cystoseira tamariscifolia and Ellisolandia elongata to environmental changes","volume":"22","author":"Quintano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquat. Biol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3989\/scimar.04053.05A","article-title":"Seasonal photoacclimation patterns in the intertidal macroalga Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Ochrophyta)","volume":"78","author":"Korbee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Mar."},{"key":"ref_138","unstructured":"Shahidi, F., and Naczk, M. (2006). Phenolics in Food and Nutraceuticals, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_139","unstructured":"Waterman, P.G., and Mole, S. (1994). Analysis of Phenolic Plant Metabolites, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2016.08.029","article-title":"Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of Fucus spiralis macroalgae and influence of the extracts storage temperature-A short report","volume":"131","author":"Paiva","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3862","DOI":"10.1021\/jf020096b","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidative activity of extracts from a brown seaweed, Sargassum siliquastrum","volume":"50","author":"Lim","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4514.2012.00663.x","article-title":"Antimicrobial, antioxidant and free radical-scavenging capacity of brown seaweed Himanthalia elongata from western coast of Ireland","volume":"37","author":"Rajauria","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.08.078","article-title":"In vitro antioxidative activities of extract and semi-purified fractions of the marine red alga, Rhodomela confervoides (Rhodomelaceae)","volume":"113","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_144","first-page":"1215","article-title":"Assessment of the spatial variability of phenolic contents and associated bioactivities in the invasive alga Sargassum muticum sampled along its European range from Norway to Portugal","volume":"26","author":"Tanniou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2011.01.002","article-title":"Distribution and radical scavenging activity of phenols in Ascophyllum nodosum (Phaeophyceae)","volume":"399","author":"Breton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Bio. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.02.001","article-title":"Edible seaweed as future functional food: Identification of \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitors by combined use of high-resolution \u03b1-glucosidase inhibition profiling and HPLC-HRMS-SPE-NMR","volume":"203","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2014.11.059","article-title":"NMR use to quantify phlorotannins: The case of Cystoseira tamariscifolia, a phloroglucinol-producing brown macroalga in Brittany (France)","volume":"135","author":"Kervarec","year":"2015","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.1210","article-title":"Phenolic compounds in the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum: Distribution and radical-scavenging activities","volume":"21","author":"Audibert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/09670260802578542","article-title":"Seasonal variation of polyphenolics in Ascophyllum nodosum (Phaeophyceae)","volume":"44","author":"Parys","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2307\/2937093","article-title":"Tolerance of marine invertebrate herbivores to brown algal phlorotannins in temperate Australasia","volume":"62","author":"Steinberg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.05.061","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of edible brown alga Eisenia bicyclis and its constituents fucosterol and phlorotannins in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages","volume":"59","author":"Jung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-010-9565-z","article-title":"Protective effect of Ecklonia cava on UVB-induced oxidative stress: In vitro and in vivo zebrafish model","volume":"23","author":"Ko","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7001","DOI":"10.1021\/jf801133h","article-title":"Antioxidant effects of phlorotannins isolated from Ishige okamurae in free radical mediated oxidative systems","volume":"56","author":"Zou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(94)00735-C","article-title":"Fuhalols and deshydroxyfuhalols from the brown alga Sargassum spinuligerum","volume":"38","author":"Glombitza","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-014-0291-9","article-title":"Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fractions obtained from selected Irish macroalgae species (Laminaria digitata, Fucus serratus, Gracilaria gracilis and Codium fragile)","volume":"27","author":"Heffernan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-40422012001100016","article-title":"Chemical constituents from red algae Bostrychia radicans (Rhodomelaceae): New amides and phenolic compounds","volume":"35","author":"Lopes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Quim. Nova"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.4490\/algae.2012.27.3.205","article-title":"Thermostability of a marine polyphenolic antioxidant dieckol, derived from the brown seaweed Ecklonia cava","volume":"27","author":"Kang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Algae"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2011.02.010","article-title":"Recovery, concentration and purification of phenolic compounds by adsorption: A review","volume":"105","author":"Soto","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3390\/md11010165","article-title":"Isolation and structural determination of two novel phlorotannins from the brown alga Ecklonia kurome okamura, and their radical scavenging activities","volume":"11","author":"Kondo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-005-0735-4","article-title":"Variation in phlorotannin content within two species of brown macroalgae (Desmarestia anceps and D. menziesii) from the Western Antarctic Peninsula","volume":"28","author":"Fairhead","year":"2005","journal-title":"Polar Biol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1139\/v85-050","article-title":"The high molecular weight polyphloroglucinols of the marine brown alga Fucus vesiculosus L.: Degradative analysis","volume":"63","author":"Ragan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Can. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1139\/v85-051","article-title":"The high molecular weight polyphloroglucinols of the marine brown alga Fucus vesiculosus L. 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"63","author":"McInnes","year":"1985","journal-title":"Can. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_163","first-page":"299","article-title":"A Metagenomics Approach to Evaluate the Impact of Dietary Supplementation with Ascophyllum nodosum or Laminaria digitata on Rumen Function in Rusitec Fermenters","volume":"7","author":"Belanche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Font. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.2008.00642.x","article-title":"A vanadium bromoperoxidase catalyzes the formation of high-molecular-weight complexes between brown algal phenolic substances and alginates","volume":"45","author":"Salgado","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-013-0584-z","article-title":"UPLC-MS profiling of low molecular weight phlorotannin polymers in Ascophyllum nodosum, Pelvetia canaliculata and Fucus spiralis","volume":"10","author":"Tierney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.11.050","article-title":"The chemical and antioxidant stability of isolated low molecular weight phlorotannins","volume":"221","author":"Kirke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-004-2666-2","article-title":"Analysis of bioactive ingredients in the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus by capillary electrophoresis and neutron activation analysis","volume":"379","author":"Truus","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(02)02013-7","article-title":"Separation of polyphenolic compounds extracted from plant matrices using capillary electrophoresis","volume":"990","author":"Vaher","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-012-0709-0","article-title":"Dieckol, isolated from Ecklonia stolonifera, induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells","volume":"67","author":"Yoon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(97)00510-4","article-title":"Pseudofuhalols from the brown alga Sargassum spinuligerum","volume":"46","author":"Keusgen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(94)00755-I","article-title":"Phlorethols, fuhalols and their derivatives from the brown alga Sargassum spinuligerum","volume":"38","author":"Keusgen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-014-0515-1","article-title":"Acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase inhibitory activities of the edible brown alga Eisenia bicyclis","volume":"38","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s12257-011-0671-9","article-title":"Lipase inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate fraction from Ecklonia cava extracts","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng."},{"key":"ref_174","first-page":"909","article-title":"The screening of nitrite scavenging effect of marine algae and active principles of Ecklonia stolonifera","volume":"30","author":"Choi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Korean J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-012-9459-y","article-title":"Edible Seaweed, Eisenia bicyclis, Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells Death Caused by Oxidative Stress","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1208.08016","article-title":"Identification of 5-Hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3,4-Hexamethoxyflavone from Hizikia fusiforme involved in the induction of the apoptosis mediators in human AGS carcinoma cells","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwon, T.H., Kim, T.W., Kim, C.G., and Park, N.H. (2013). Antioxidant activity of various solvent fractions from edible brown alga, Eisenia bicyclis and its active compounds. J. Food Sci., 78.","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.12109"},{"key":"ref_178","first-page":"95","article-title":"Deodorizing Effects of Phlorotannins from Edible Brown Alga Eisenia bicyclis on Methyl Mercaptan","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12073","DOI":"10.1021\/jf802732n","article-title":"Anti-allergic effects of phlorotannins on histamine release via binding inhibition between IgE and Fc\u03b5RI","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.17129\/botsci.102","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of the phlorotannins dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol-a from Ecklonia cava against Propionibacterium acnes","volume":"92","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bot. Sci."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1021\/jf204112f","article-title":"Phlorotannins from brown algae (Fucus vesiculosus) inhibited the formation of advanced glycation endproducts by scavenging reactive carbonyls","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2013.09.018","article-title":"Protective effect of dieckol isolated from Ecklonia cava against ethanol caused damage in vitro and in zebrafish model","volume":"36","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9244(97)80011-X","article-title":"High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): Principles and applications","volume":"Volume 18","year":"1997","journal-title":"Instrumental Methods in Food Analysis"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(98)00643-8","article-title":"Phlorethols and fucophlorethols from the brown alga Cystophora retroflexa","volume":"50","author":"Sailler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(99)00120-X","article-title":"Trihydroxyphlorethols from the brown alga Carpophyllum angustifolium","volume":"51","author":"Glombitza","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_186","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Isolation, identification and radical scavenging activity of phlorotannin derivatives from brown algae, Ecklonia maxima: An experimental and theoretical study","volume":"3","author":"Mwangi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic. Antioxid."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-013-0104-6","article-title":"Accumulation of phlorotannins in the abalone Haliotis discus hannai after feeding the brown seaweed Ecklonia cava","volume":"26","author":"Bangoura","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-014-0456-6","article-title":"Methyl jasmonate enhances phlorotannin production in the brown seaweed Ecklonia cava","volume":"27","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-016-0851-2","article-title":"Structural characterization and comparative biomedical properties of phloroglucinol from Indian brown seaweeds","volume":"28","author":"Karthik","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10351","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-4244-x","article-title":"Green alga Ulva pertusa-a new source of bioactive compounds with antialgal activity","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_191","first-page":"e51411","article-title":"Thin-layer Chromatographic (TLC) Separations and Bioassays of Plant Extracts to Identify Antimicrobial Compounds","volume":"85","author":"Kagan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmt045","article-title":"Preparation and Chromatographic Analysis of Phlorotannins","volume":"51","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5589","DOI":"10.1021\/jf200999n","article-title":"Antioxidant potential of two red seaweeds from the Brazilian coasts","volume":"59","author":"Souza","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94884","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA16862K","article-title":"Application of Hansen solubility approach for the subcritical and supercritical selective extraction of phlorotannins from Cystoseira abies-marina","volume":"6","author":"Montero","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-009-1147-4","article-title":"Antioxidant activities in vitro of ethanol extract from brown seaweed Sargassum pallidum","volume":"230","author":"Ye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-010-4637-0","article-title":"Electron ionization in LC-MS: Recent developments and applications of the direct-EI LC-MS interface","volume":"399","author":"Palma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5277","DOI":"10.3390\/md12105277","article-title":"Phlorotannins from alaskan seaweed inhibit carbolytic enzyme activity","volume":"12","author":"Kellogg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-008-0098-4","article-title":"Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of polyphenols in brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera in genetically diabetic KK-Ay mice","volume":"63","author":"Iwai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-010-0407-y","article-title":"Quantitative determination of major phlorotannins in Ecklonia stolonifera","volume":"33","author":"Goo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.12.037","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory properties of phenolic compounds and crude extract from Porphyra dentata","volume":"128","author":"Hsu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.12.078","article-title":"Determination of phenolic compounds in macroalgae for human consumption","volume":"121","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2510","DOI":"10.4236\/ajps.2015.615253","article-title":"Analysis on Composition and Antioxidative Properties of Phlorotannins Isolated from Japanese Eisenia and Ecklonia Species","volume":"06","author":"Shibata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516000210","article-title":"Gastrointestinal modifications and bioavailability of brown seaweed phlorotannins and effects on inflammatory markers","volume":"115","author":"Corona","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1021\/ac302789c","article-title":"Unraveling the Mechanism of Electrospray Ionization","volume":"85","author":"Konermann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00049-013-0132-3","article-title":"Characterization of bioactive plant ellagitannins by chromatographic, spectroscopic and mass spectrometric methods","volume":"23","author":"Moilanen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemoecology"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-961916","article-title":"Phlorotannins from the Brown Alga Analipus japonicus","volume":"55","author":"Glombitza","year":"1989","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1515\/BOT.2003.028","article-title":"Fucols and phlorethols from the brown alga Scytothamnus australis Hook. et Harv. (Chnoosporaceae)","volume":"46","author":"Glombitza","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bot. Mar."},{"key":"ref_208","first-page":"3407","article-title":"Electron-impact induced alkyl and hydrogen migration in diphenic acid derivatives","volume":"24","author":"Sachs","year":"1968","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)98637-0","article-title":"Fucole, polyhydroxyoligophenyle aus Fucus vesiculosus","volume":"14","author":"Glombitza","year":"1975","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Fu, X., Duan, D., Liu, X., Xu, J., and Gao, X. (2017). Extraction and Identification of Phlorotannins from the Brown Alga, Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell. Mar. Drugs, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/md15020049"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(74)80110-X","article-title":"Bifuhalol: Ein diphenyl\u00e4ther aus Bifurcaria bifurcata","volume":"13","author":"Glombitza","year":"1974","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(75)85198-3","article-title":"Bifuhalol and diphlorethol of Cystoseira tamariscifolia","volume":"14","author":"Glombitza","year":"1975","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1139\/v89-055","article-title":"Bromophloroglucinols and their methyl ethers","volume":"67","author":"Kiehlmann","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/bms.1200151104","article-title":"A Rapid Method for the Structural Characterization of Sulfated Phlorotannins by Negative-Ion Fast Atom Bombardment Mass-Spectrometry and Acetylation on the Target","volume":"15","author":"Peterkatalinic","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2019.23.2.121","article-title":"Neuroprotective mechanisms of dieckol against glutamate toxicity through reactive oxygen species scavenging and nuclear factor-like 2\/heme oxygenase-1 pathway","volume":"23","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoon, M., and Cho, S. (2018). Triphlorethol A, a dietary polyphenol from seaweed, decreases sleep latency and increases non-rapid eye movement sleep in mice. Mar. Drugs, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/md16050139"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA10875C","article-title":"Comparative analysis of oxidative mechanisms of phloroglucinol and dieckol by electrochemical, spectroscopic, cellular and computational methods","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"RSC Adv."}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/9\/12\/847\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:40:45Z","timestamp":1760190045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/9\/12\/847"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]]},"references-count":217,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["biom9120847"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom9120847","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]]}}}