{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:50:43Z","timestamp":1760057443102,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomechanics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bone metastases occur when cancer cells from the primary tumor spread to the bones. The incidence of bone metastases is increasing due to the longer survival of patients with primary tumors, driven by advances in cancer treatments. In patients with multiple bone metastases, care is primarily palliative, aiming to improve their quality of life through pain relief. Bone metastases are strongly associated with pathological fractures, particularly in the femur. In these cases, minimally invasive treatments such as percutaneous cementoplasty and internal fixation with intramedullary nails are growing in popularity. Methods: This manuscript focuses on studying these two therapies by developing virtual models using ANSYS\u00ae software. Thermal and thermomechanical analyses were conducted to evaluate the heat effect resulting from the polymerization of different types of bone cement and to assess the benefits of combining it with internal fixation using intramedullary nails made of different materials. Results: The results highlight the advantages of combining these two techniques compared to cementoplasty alone. Furthermore, the use of Gentamicin Bone Cement (CMW 3\u00ae) with an intramedullary nail made of either material has been shown to provide a more significant functional improvement. Conclusions: The combination of cementoplasty with internal fixation is more effective than cementoplasty alone. The use of CMW 3\u00ae cement with an intramedullary nail made of either material provides greater control over the growth of the metastatic lesion. The chosen injection angle results in an excessive volume of cement, causing a high degree of thermal necrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomechanics5010012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T03:39:47Z","timestamp":1739158787000},"page":"12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thermomechanical Virtual Simulation of Bone Metastases with Percutaneous Cementoplasty and Internal Fixation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Catarina G. R.","family":"de S\u00e1 Pires","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5528-9898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria A.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1854-6514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elza M. M.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2695-4326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00e2nia C. C.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-015-1329-4","article-title":"Bone metastasis and the metastatic niche","volume":"93","author":"Ren","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2019.10.012","article-title":"Bone Metastasis: Current State of Play","volume":"13","author":"Turpin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. 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