{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T15:15:49Z","timestamp":1773414949452,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020.01522.CEECIND\/CP1612\/CT0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.01522.CEECIND\/CP1612\/CT0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50022\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomechanics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The knee joint performs a vital function in human movement, supporting significant loads and ensuring stability during daily activities. Methods: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a subject-specific framework to model knee flexion\u2013extension by integrating 3D gait data with individualized musculoskeletal (MS) and finite element (FE) models. In this proof of concept, gait data were collected from a 52-year-old woman using Xsens inertial sensors. The MS model was based on the same subject to define realistic loading, while the 3D knee FE model, built from another individual\u2019s MRI, included all major anatomical structures, as subject-specific morphing was not possible due to unavailable scans. Results: The FE simulation showed principal stresses from \u201328.67 to +44.95 MPa, with compressive stresses between 2 and 8 MPa predominating in the tibial plateaus, consistent with normal gait. In the ACL, peak stress of 1.45 MPa occurred near the femoral insertion, decreasing non-uniformly with a compressive dip around \u20133.0 MPa. Displacement reached 0.99 mm in the distal tibia and decreased proximally. ACL displacement ranged from 0.45 to 0.80 mm, following a non-linear pattern likely due to ligament geometry and local constraints. Conclusions: These results support the model\u2019s ability to replicate realistic, patient-specific joint mechanics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomechanics5030057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T08:46:55Z","timestamp":1754383615000},"page":"57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Biomechanical Modeling and Simulation of the Knee Joint: Integration of AnyBody and Abaqus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7307-3652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics and Health Unit, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7085-6926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Local Health Unit, Level I Trauma Centre, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3326-6345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Parente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8758-471X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dulce","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics and Health Unit, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Liu, G., Han, B., Wang, Z., Yan, Y., Ma, J., and Wei, P. 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