{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T18:29:24Z","timestamp":1760898564532,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomedicines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Currently, there is no cure, and pharmacological treatment aims to induce and maintain remission in patients, so it is essential to investigate new possible treatments. Hemin is a heme-oxygenase inducer which can confer anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and antiapoptotic effects; therefore, it can be considered an asset for different gastrointestinal pathologies, namely for IBD. Aim: This experiment aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hemin, in a chronic 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model in rodents. Methods: The induction of chronic colitis consisted of five weekly intrarectal administrations of 1% TNBS. Then, the mice were treated daily with 5 mg\/kg\/day or 10 mg\/kg\/day of hemin, through intraperitoneal injections, for 14 days. Results: Hemin demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect through the reduction in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 levels, fecal calprotectin, and fecal hemoglobin. It was also found to be safe in terms of extraintestinal manifestations, since hemin did not promote renal and\/or hepatic changes. Conclusions: Hemin could become an interesting tool for new possible pharmacological approaches in the management of IBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10082025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T21:05:51Z","timestamp":1661115951000},"page":"2025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hemin Ameliorates the Inflammatory Activity in the Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Non-Clinical Study in Rodents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7049-2512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"H&TRC\u2013Health and Technology Research Center, ESTeSL\u2013Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, Av. D. Jo\u00e3o II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H&TRC\u2013Health and Technology Research Center, ESTeSL\u2013Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, Av. D. Jo\u00e3o II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Joaquim Chaves Sa\u00fade, Dr. Joaquim Chaves, Laborat\u00f3rio de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas, Miraflores, 1495-069 Alg\u00e9s, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3204-3772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Mateus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H&TRC\u2013Health and Technology Research Center, ESTeSL\u2013Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, Av. D. Jo\u00e3o II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, I., Pinto, R., and Mateus, V. (2019). Preclinical Study in Vivo for New Pharmacological Approaches in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review of Chronic Model of TNBS-Induced Colitis. J. Clin. Med., 8, Available online: https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/8\/10\/1574\/htm.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8101574"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i1.91","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease: Pathogenesis","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. 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