{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:55:45Z","timestamp":1760147745934,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"National Funds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020","UIDB\/04378\/2020","LA\/P\/0140\/2020","UID\/IC\/4255\/2013","UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020","UIDB\/04378\/2020","LA\/P\/0140\/2020","UID\/IC\/4255\/2013","UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CINTESIS, R&amp;D Units","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020","UIDB\/04378\/2020","LA\/P\/0140\/2020","UID\/IC\/4255\/2013","UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020","UIDB\/04378\/2020","LA\/P\/0140\/2020","UID\/IC\/4255\/2013","UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020","UIDB\/04378\/2020","LA\/P\/0140\/2020","UID\/IC\/4255\/2013","UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020","UIDB\/04378\/2020","LA\/P\/0140\/2020","UID\/IC\/4255\/2013","UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomedicines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Steroid hormones can modulate the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Within the female reproductive tract, estrogen increases the expression of the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, and modifies the levels of anandamide (AEA), the major endocannabinoid, by altering the expression of both AEA synthesis (NAPE-PLD) and catabolic enzymes (FAAH). Here, we addressed the mechanisms involved in ECS fluctuations within the central nervous system and evaluated the effects of tamoxifen (TAM), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, in central AEA regulation. The current results suggest that the hypothalamic and pituitary AEA levels change differently according to the brain area and phase of the estrous cycle. In TAM-treated rats, there is a disruption of the cyclic fluctuation and reduction of the AEA levels in all brain areas. In the pituitary gland, NAPE-PLD expression increases in the metestrus phase, whereas throughout the rat cycle their expression remained constant, even upon TAM treatment. The fluctuations of pituitary AEA levels result from altered FAAH and NAPE-LPD expression. In contrast, no differences in FAAH or NAPE-PLD hypothalamic expression were observed. Overall, this study presents a broad view of the distribution and expression of ECS elements in the central nervous system and a way to suggest possible brain areas involved in the interaction of the endocannabinoid and neuroendocrine systems to induce several behavioral responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11030720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T03:29:46Z","timestamp":1677554986000},"page":"720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long-Term Tamoxifen Effects in the Cyclic Interaction of the Endocannabinoid and Endocrine System in the Rat Central Nervous System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8873-5591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno M.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Niloy","family":"Bhowmick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4320-2318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5787-9018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgina","family":"Correia-da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e9rcia","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5078-980X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana I.","family":"S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64236-5","article-title":"CB1 cannabinoid receptor-mediated plasticity of GABAergic synapses in the mouse insular cortex","volume":"10","author":"Toyoda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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