{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T14:56:18Z","timestamp":1777215378931,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["PTDC\/SAU-DES\/7945\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/SAU-DES\/7945\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomedicines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Paraneoplastic conditions such as cancer cachexia are often exacerbated by chemotherapy, which affects the patient\u2019s quality of life as well as the response to therapy. The aim of this narrative review was to overview the body-composition-related changes and molecular effects of different chemotherapy agents used in cancer treatment on skeletal-muscle remodeling. A literature search was performed using the Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct databases and a total of 77 papers was retrieved. In general, the literature survey showed that the molecular changes induced by chemotherapy in skeletal muscle have been studied mainly in animal models and mostly in non-tumor-bearing rodents, whereas clinical studies have essentially assessed changes in body composition by computerized tomography. Data from preclinical studies showed that chemotherapy modulates several molecular pathways in skeletal muscle, including the ubiquitin\u2013proteasome pathway, autophagy, IGF-1\/PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR, IL-6\/JAK\/STAT, and NF-\u03baB pathway; however, the newest chemotherapy agents are underexplored. In conclusion, chemotherapy exacerbates skeletal-muscle wasting in cancer patients; however, the incomplete characterization of the chemotherapy-related molecular effects on skeletal muscle makes the development of new preventive anti-wasting strategies difficult. Therefore, further investigation on molecular mechanisms and clinical studies are necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11030905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T06:36:36Z","timestamp":1678862196000},"page":"905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Chemotherapy-Induced Molecular Changes in Skeletal Muscle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3222-731X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mafalda Barbosa","family":"Pedrosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (LAQV-REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (LAQV-REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3636-5805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Vitorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine\u2014iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6872-4051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (LAQV-REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7404-7405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Moreira-Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"L\u00facio Lara","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2021, December 13). International Agency for Research on Cancer: Cancer Tomorrow. Available online: https:\/\/gco.iarc.fr\/."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campelj, D.G., Goodman, C.A., and Rybalka, E. (2021). Chemotherapy-Induced Myopathy: The Dark Side of the Cachexia Sphere. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13143615"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gco.0000192996.20040.24","article-title":"Side-Effects of Chemotherapy and Quality of Life in Ovarian and Breast Cancer Patients","volume":"18","author":"Kayl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6645","DOI":"10.1039\/C8DT00838H","article-title":"The Side Effects of Platinum-Based Chemotherapy Drugs: A Review for Chemists","volume":"47","author":"Oun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2021.100765","article-title":"Study on Knowledge of Chemotherapy\u2019s Adverse Effects and Their Self-Care Ability to Manage\u2014The Cancer Survivors Impact","volume":"11","author":"Arunachalam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol. Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.14210","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Mass Change during Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"40","author":"Jang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"896","article-title":"Loss of Skeletal Muscle Density during Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Older Women with Advanced Stage Ovarian Cancer Is Associated with Postoperative Complications","volume":"48","author":"Viddeleer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berardi, E., Madaro, L., Lozanoska-Ochser, B., Adamo, S., Thorrez, L., Bouche, M., and Coletti, D. (2021). A Pound of Flesh: What Cachexia Is and What It Is Not. Diagnostics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11010116"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.07.010","article-title":"Platinum-Induced Muscle Wasting in Cancer Chemotherapy: Mechanisms and Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention","volume":"208","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000382","article-title":"Preservation of Muscle Mass as a Strategy to Reduce the Toxic Effects of Cancer Chemotherapy on Body Composition","volume":"12","author":"Pin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Support. Palliat. Care"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2018.7587","article-title":"Chemotherapy-Induced Muscle Wasting: An Update","volume":"28","author":"Coletti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Transl. Myol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvn076","article-title":"Atrogin-1 Ubiquitin Ligase Is Upregulated by Doxorubicin via P38-MAP Kinase in Cardiac Myocytes","volume":"79","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00776.2009","article-title":"Doxorubicin Acts through Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Subtype 1 to Cause Dysfunction of Murine Skeletal Muscle","volume":"107","author":"Gilliam","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.191","article-title":"The Anticancer Agent Doxorubicin Disrupts Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism and Redox Balance in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"65","author":"Gilliam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-016-9325-1","article-title":"Doxorubicin Chemotherapy Affects Intracellular and Interstitial Nitric Oxide Concentrations in Skeletal Muscle: Effect of Doxorubicin on Intracellular and Interstitial NO in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"32","author":"Fabris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12104","article-title":"Doxorubicin Caused Severe Hyperglycaemia and Insulin Resistance, Mediated by Inhibition in AMPk Signalling in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"7","author":"Yamashita","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14052","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14052","article-title":"Chronic Doxorubicin Administration Impacts Satellite Cell and Capillary Abundance in a Muscle-Specific Manner","volume":"7","author":"Fry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19709","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.008426","article-title":"Doxorubicin Causes Lesions in the Electron Transport System of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria That Are Associated with a Loss of Contractile Function","volume":"294","author":"Tarpey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"158","article-title":"Chemotherapy-Induced Muscle Wasting Association with NF-\u03baB and Cancer Cachexia","volume":"18","author":"Damrauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Basic Appl. Myol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2014.05.001","article-title":"Mechanisms of Cisplatin-Induced Muscle Atrophy","volume":"278","author":"Sakai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00809","article-title":"Bisphosphonate Treatment Ameliorates Chemotherapy-Induced Bone and Muscle Abnormalities in Young Mice","volume":"10","author":"Essex","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25966","article-title":"Oxaliplatin Induces Muscle Loss and Muscle-Specific Molecular Changes in Mice","volume":"57","author":"Feather","year":"2018","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13261","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13261","article-title":"Docetaxel Does Not Impair Skeletal Muscle Force Production in a Murine Model of Cancer Chemotherapy","volume":"5","author":"Chaillou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12035","article-title":"A Multifactorial Anti-Cachectic Approach for Cancer Cachexia in a Rat Model Undergoing Chemotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Toledo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593468","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.593468","article-title":"The Acute Effects of 5 Fluorouracil on Skeletal Muscle Resident and Infiltrating Immune Cells in Mice","volume":"11","author":"VanderVeen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campelj, D.G., Timpani, C.A., Cree, T., Petersen, A.C., Hayes, A., Goodman, C.A., and Rybalka, E. (2021). Metronomic 5-Fluorouracil Delivery Primes Skeletal Muscle for Myopathy but Does Not Cause Cachexia. Pharmaceuticals, 14.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202103.0535.v1"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8717","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08717","article-title":"Anthracycline-Containing Chemotherapy Causes Long-Term Impairment of Mitochondrial Respiration and Increased Reactive Oxygen Species Release in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"5","author":"Gouspillou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51608","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9958","article-title":"Combined Administration of Fucoidan Ameliorates Tumor and Chemotherapy-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Bladder Cancer-Bearing Mice","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00472","article-title":"Cancer and Chemotherapy Contribute to Muscle Loss by Activating Common Signaling Pathways","volume":"7","author":"Barreto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43442","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9779","article-title":"Chemotherapy-Related Cachexia Is Associated with Mitochondrial Depletion and the Activation of ERK1\/2 and P38 MAPKs","volume":"7","author":"Barreto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12360","article-title":"Cachexia Induced by Cancer and Chemotherapy Yield Distinct Perturbations to Energy Metabolism","volume":"10","author":"Pin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-011-9894-z","article-title":"A Decline in Weight and Attrition of Muscle in Colorectal Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy with Bevacizumab","volume":"29","author":"Poterucha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2011.08.008","article-title":"Marked Changes in Body Composition Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Oesophagogastric Cancer","volume":"31","author":"Awad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3675","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-3737-z","article-title":"Changes in Body Composition Secondary to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Advanced Esophageal Cancer Are Related to the Occurrence of Postoperative Complications after Esophagectomy","volume":"21","author":"Ida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-4285-2","article-title":"Characterization of Anthropometric Changes That Occur during Neoadjuvant Therapy for Potentially Resectable Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"22","author":"Cooper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-014-2534-3","article-title":"Prognostic Impact of Cancer Cachexia in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"23","author":"Kimura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoon, H.G., Oh, D., Ahn, Y.C., Noh, J.M., Pyo, H., Cho, W.K., Song, Y.M., Park, M., Hwang, N.Y., and Sun, J.M. (2020). Prognostic Impact of Sarcopenia and Skeletal Muscle Loss during Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Cancer. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12040925"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4445","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-015-4558-4","article-title":"Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass during Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Predicts Postoperative Mortality in Esophageal Cancer Surgery","volume":"22","author":"Reisinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2016.11.015","article-title":"Impact of Sarcopenia on Outcome in Patients with Esophageal Resection Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Esophageal Cancer","volume":"43","author":"Paireder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.08.005","article-title":"The Impact of Sarcopenia and Myosteatosis on Outcomes of Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer or Distal Cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"35","author":"Rollins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2016.03.066","article-title":"Visceral Obesity, Muscle Mass and Outcome in Rectal Cancer Surgery after Neo-Adjuvant Chemo-Radiation","volume":"29","author":"Heus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6677","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.11278","article-title":"Decreased Skeletal Muscle Mass after Neoadjuvant Therapy Correlates with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Esophageal Cancer","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3741","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-017-6020-2","article-title":"Negative Impact of Skeletal Muscle Wasting after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Surgery on Survival for Patients with Thoracic Esophageal Cancer","volume":"24","author":"Mayanagi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.12545","article-title":"Differences in Skeletal Muscle Loss Caused by Cytotoxic Chemotherapy and Molecular Targeted Therapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"9","author":"Kakinuma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thorac. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.06.028","article-title":"Muscle Wasting and Survival Following Pre-Operative Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Carcinoma","volume":"37","author":"Levolger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"3053","article-title":"Clinical Assessment of Sarcopenia and Changes in Body Composition during Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Esophageal Cancer","volume":"37","author":"Miyata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Sarcopenia during Neoadjuvant Therapy for Oesophageal Cancer: Characterising the Impact on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance","volume":"26","author":"Guinan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naito, T., Okayama, T., Aoyama, T., Ohashi, T., Masuda, Y., Kimura, M., Shiozaki, H., Murakami, H., Kenmotsu, H., and Taira, T. (2017). Skeletal Muscle Depletion during Chemotherapy Has a Large Impact on Physical Function in Elderly Japanese Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. BMC Cancer, 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3562-4"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79441","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18345","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Depletion Predicts Survival of Patients with Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer Undergoing Palliative Chemotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Cho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1159\/000490616","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Loss during Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Is an Independent Risk Factor for Postoperative Infectious Complications in Patients with Advanced Esophageal Cancer","volume":"95","author":"Motoori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5028","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-0788","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Loss Is an Imaging Biomarker of Outcome after Definitive Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-019-1372-3","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Mass Correlates with Increased Toxicity during Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy in Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer: A SAKK 75\/08 Substudy","volume":"14","author":"Panje","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-018-1327-4","article-title":"Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass during Neoadjuvant Treatments Correlates with Worse Prognosis in Esophageal Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"16","author":"Ilonen","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2018.0979","article-title":"Association between Changes in Body Composition and Neoadjuvant Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"153","author":"Sandini","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12307","article-title":"Three Cachexia Phenotypes and the Impact of Fat-Only Loss on Survival in FOLFIRINOX Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"9","author":"Kays","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-018-6624-1","article-title":"Marked Loss of Muscle, Visceral Fat, or Subcutaneous Fat after Gastrectomy Predicts Poor Survival in Advanced Gastric Cancer: Single-Center Study from the CLASSIC Trial","volume":"25","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00002.2018","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Dysfunction in Breast Cancer Patients: Role for Chemotherapy-Derived Oxidant Stress","volume":"315","author":"Blas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2018.07.031","article-title":"Loss of Muscle Mass during Preoperative Chemotherapy as a Prognosticator for Poor Survival in Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases","volume":"165","author":"Okuno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2019.03.007","article-title":"Sarcopenia and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer","volume":"17","author":"Lyon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Genitourin. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2019.05.021","article-title":"The Prognostic Value of Early Onset, CT Derived Loss of Muscle and Adipose Tissue during Chemotherapy in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"133","author":"Degens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2019.07.039","article-title":"Characterising the Impact of Body Composition Change during Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"19","author":"Griffin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1159\/000502613","article-title":"Correlation between Skeletal Muscle Mass and Adverse Events of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Gastric Cancer","volume":"98","author":"Matsuura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-017-4574-0","article-title":"Changes in Body Composition and Muscle Attenuation during Taxane-Based Chemotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer","volume":"168","author":"Rier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5157","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.13711","article-title":"Change in PMI during Neoadjuvant Therapy Is a Predictive Prognostic Marker in Rectal Cancer","volume":"39","author":"Fukuoka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.currproblcancer.2019.100510","article-title":"Changes in Body Composition during Neoadjuvant Therapy Can Affect Prognosis in Rectal Cancer Patients: An Exploratory Study","volume":"44","author":"Salandini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-019-00670-3","article-title":"Evaluation of the Impact of Psoas Muscle Index, a Parameter of Sarcopenia, in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy","volume":"16","author":"Ozawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2019.07.033","article-title":"Impact of Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Mass on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Esophageal Cancer Undergoing Esophagectomy after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy","volume":"166","author":"Ishida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6604","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2538","article-title":"Severe Muscle Loss during Radical Chemoradiotherapy for Non-Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Predicts Poor Survival","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.07.035","article-title":"Predictive Value of Pancreatic Dose-Volume Metrics on Sarcopenia Rate in Gastric Cancer Patients Treated with Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12440","article-title":"Muscle Radiodensity Loss during Cancer Therapy Is Predictive for Poor Survival in Advanced Endometrial Cancer","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.15106","article-title":"Decreased Total Psoas Muscle Area after Neoadjuvant Therapy Is a Predictor of Increased Mortality in Patients Undergoing Oesophageal Cancer Resection","volume":"89","author":"Yassaie","year":"2019","journal-title":"ANZ J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-019-05344-w","article-title":"Decreases in the Psoas Muscle Index Correlate More Strongly with Survival than Other Prognostic Markers in Esophageal Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Plus Esophagectomy","volume":"44","author":"Kawakita","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs5.50331","article-title":"Impact on Postoperative Complications of Changes in Skeletal Muscle Mass during Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Gastro-Oesophageal Cancer","volume":"4","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJS Open"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcn, J., Elfinger, L., Le, H., Wei\u00df, C., Otto, M., Rei\u00dffelder, C., and Blank, S. (2020). The Influence of Pretherapeutic and Preoperative Sarcopenia on Short-Term Outcome after Esophagectomy. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12113409"},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"487","article-title":"Predictive Value of Immuno-Inflammatory and Nutritional Measures Modulated by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on the Response of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Esophageal Cancer","volume":"19","author":"Ishibashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-019-01846-1","article-title":"Association of Skeletal Muscle Loss with the Long-Term Outcomes of Esophageal Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy","volume":"49","author":"Kamitani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg. Today"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-020-00774-1","article-title":"The Impact of Skeletal Muscle Wasting during Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Postoperative Anastomotic Leakage in Patients with Esophageal Cancer","volume":"18","author":"Fujihata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.02.017","article-title":"Concurrent Losses of Skeletal Muscle Mass, Adipose Tissue and Bone Mineral Density during Bevacizumab\/Cytotoxic Chemotherapy Treatment for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer","volume":"39","author":"Dolly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14516","article-title":"Extreme Skeletal Muscle Loss during Induction Chemotherapy Is an Independent Predictor of Poor Survival in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients","volume":"46","author":"Yoshino","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17683","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74765-8","article-title":"Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass during Palliative Chemotherapy Is a Poor Prognostic Factor in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12524","article-title":"Muscle Loss during Primary Debulking Surgery and Chemotherapy Predicts Poor Survival in Advanced-Stage Ovarian Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.01.007","article-title":"Clinical Effect of Enteral Nutrition Support during Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on the Preservation of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Patients with Esophageal Cancer","volume":"40","author":"Kita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111232","article-title":"Prognostic Value of Preoperative Psoas Muscle Index as a Measure of Nutritional Status in Patients with Esophageal Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy","volume":"90","author":"Nakayama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2020.111135","article-title":"Impact of Body Composition on Clinical Outcomes in People with Gastric Cancer Undergoing Radical Gastrectomy after Neoadjuvant Treatment","volume":"85","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rinninella, E., Strippoli, A., Cintoni, M., Raoul, P., Vivolo, R., Di Salvatore, M., Genco, E., Manfredi, R., Bria, E., and Tortora, G. (2021). Body Composition Changes in Gastric Cancer Patients during Preoperative Flot Therapy: Preliminary Results of an Italian Cohort Study. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030960"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604858","article-title":"Direct Effects of Doxorubicin on Skeletal Muscle Contribute to Fatigue","volume":"100","author":"Arts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14927","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14927","article-title":"The Effect of a Chemotherapy Drug Cocktail on Myotube Morphology, Myofibrillar Protein Abundance, and Substrate Availability","volume":"9","author":"Mora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2010.11.003","article-title":"Cisplatin Triggers Atrophy of Skeletal C2C12 Myotubes via Impairment of Akt Signalling Pathway and Subsequent Increment Activity of Proteasome and Autophagy Systems","volume":"250","author":"Fanzani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13400","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13400","article-title":"Doxorubicin-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy: Elucidating the Underlying Molecular Pathways","volume":"229","author":"Hiensch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00041","article-title":"The Skeletal Muscle as an Active Player against Cancer Cachexia","volume":"10","author":"Penna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_92","unstructured":"Sera, T. (2021). Transparency in Biology, Springer."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23363","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000023363","article-title":"Body Mass Index and Skeletal Muscle Index Are Useful Prognostic Factors for Overall Survival after Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"99","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.016","article-title":"Muscle Type and Fiber Type Specificity in Muscle Wasting","volume":"45","author":"Ciciliot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conte, E., Bresciani, E., Rizzi, L., Cappellari, O., de Luca, A., Torsello, A., and Liantonio, A. (2020). Cisplatin-Induced Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction: Mechanisms and Counteracting Therapeutic Strategies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041242"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.3965","article-title":"Clair, D.K. Chemotherapy-Induced Weakness and Fatigue in Skeletal Muscle: The Role of Oxidative Stress","volume":"15","author":"Gilliam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00500","article-title":"The JAK\/STAT Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology","volume":"10","author":"Moresi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7582730","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7582730","article-title":"Chemotherapeutic Drugs and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Focus on Doxorubicin, Trastuzumab, and Sunitinib","volume":"2018","author":"Gorini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3916","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03916","article-title":"Regulation of Mitochondrial Proliferation by PGC-1\u03b1 Induces Cellular Apoptosis in Musculoskeletal Malignancies","volume":"4","author":"Onishi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094615","article-title":"Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury","volume":"48","author":"Vaidya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019neill, L.M., Guo, C.A., Ding, F., Phang, Y.X., Liu, Z., Shamsuzzaman, S., and Ntambi, J.M. (2020). Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-2 in Murine Development, Metabolism, and Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228619"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12678","article-title":"Phenotypic Features of Cancer Cachexia-Related Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function: Lessons from Human and Animal Studies","volume":"12","author":"Martin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.04.019","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Regulates Metabolism via Interorgan Crosstalk: Roles in Health and Disease","volume":"17","author":"Campos","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.2174\/157340111794941139","article-title":"Branched-Chain Amino Acid Oxidation in Skeletal Muscle\u2014Physiological and Clinical Importance of Its Modulation by Reactant Availability","volume":"7","author":"Holecek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Nutr. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702826","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.702826","article-title":"Branched-Chain Amino Acids: Catabolism in Skeletal Muscle and Implications for Muscle and Whole-Body Metabolism","volume":"12","author":"Mann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M407517200","article-title":"Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Inversely Regulates Atrophy-Induced Genes via the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase\/Akt\/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (PI3K\/Akt\/MTOR) Pathway","volume":"280","author":"Latres","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12760","article-title":"Exogenous Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Mice","volume":"12","author":"Sakai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaczmarek, A., Kaczmarek, M., Cia\u0142owicz, M., Clemente, F.M., Wola\u0144ski, P., Badicu, G., and Murawska-Cia\u0142owicz, E. (2021). The Role of Satellite Cells in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration\u2014The Effect of Exercise and Age. Biology, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10101056"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c140068","article-title":"Satellite Cells and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration","volume":"5","author":"Dumont","year":"2015","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12301","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91854-4","article-title":"Differential Response of Oxidative and Glycolytic Skeletal Muscle Fibers to Mesterolone","volume":"11","author":"Asfour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719643","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.719643","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Deconditioning in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: Current Knowledge and Insights from Other Cancers","volume":"9","author":"Mallard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2014.00001","article-title":"Muscle Satellite Cell Heterogeneity and Self-Renewal","volume":"2","author":"Motohashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16474","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1307680110","article-title":"Pax7 Is Critical for the Normal Function of Satellite Cells in Adult Skeletal Muscle","volume":"110","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3720","article-title":"The Impact of JAK-STAT Signaling on Muscle Regeneration","volume":"20","author":"Doles","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1136\/ewjm.175.1.7","article-title":"Insulin-like Growth Factor in Muscle Growth and Its Potential Abuse by Athletes","volume":"175","author":"Adams","year":"2001","journal-title":"West. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baczek, J., Silkiewicz, M., and Wojszel, Z.B. (2020). Myostatin as a Biomarker of Muscle Wasting and Other Pathologies-State of the Art and Knowledge Gaps. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082401"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0b013e32834bddf9","article-title":"Targeting the Myostatin Signaling Pathway to Treat Muscle Wasting Diseases","volume":"5","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Support. Palliat. Care"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a001651","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a001651","article-title":"The Nuclear Factor NF-\u03baB Pathway in Inflammation","volume":"1","author":"Lawrence","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638983","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.638983","article-title":"The Role of Autophagy in Skeletal Muscle Diseases","volume":"12","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015500","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1015500","article-title":"Role of AMPK in Autophagy","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12576-020-00768-9","article-title":"The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Regulation of the Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis and Atrophy: From Basic Science to Disorders","volume":"70","author":"Kitajima","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1080\/03639040500216246","article-title":"Cell Lines as in Vitro Models for Drug Screening and Toxicity Studies","volume":"31","author":"Allen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."}],"container-title":["Biomedicines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9059\/11\/3\/905\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:55:31Z","timestamp":1760122531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9059\/11\/3\/905"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"references-count":122,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["biomedicines11030905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines11030905","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]}}}