{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T01:40:33Z","timestamp":1773366033978,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/04565\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04565\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDP\/04565\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04565\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["PTDC\/BTM-BTM\/3538\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BTM-BTM\/3538\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences","award":["UIDB\/04565\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04565\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences","award":["UIDP\/04565\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04565\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences","award":["PTDC\/BTM-BTM\/3538\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BTM-BTM\/3538\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy","award":["UIDB\/04565\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04565\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy","award":["UIDP\/04565\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04565\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy","award":["PTDC\/BTM-BTM\/3538\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BTM-BTM\/3538\/2020"]}]},{"name":"DentalBioMatrix","award":["UIDB\/04565\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04565\/2020"]}]},{"name":"DentalBioMatrix","award":["UIDP\/04565\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04565\/2020"]}]},{"name":"DentalBioMatrix","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]},{"name":"DentalBioMatrix","award":["PTDC\/BTM-BTM\/3538\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BTM-BTM\/3538\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomedicines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cell-based therapies using periodontal ligament stromal cells (PDLSC) for periodontal regeneration may represent an alternative source for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) to MSC derived from bone marrow (MSC(M)) and adipose tissue (MSC(AT)). We aimed to characterize the osteogenic\/periodontal potential of PDLSC in comparison to MSC(M) and MSC(AT). PDLSC were obtained from surgically extracted healthy human third molars, while MSC(M) and MSC(AT) were obtained from a previously established cell bank. Flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and cell proliferation analyses provided cellular characteristics from each group. Cells from the three groups presented MSC-like morphology, MSC-related marker expression, and multilineage differentiation capacity (adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic). In this study, PDLSC expressed osteopontin, osteocalcin, and asporin, while MSC(M) and MSC(AT) did not. Of note, only PDLSC expressed CD146, a marker previously applied to identify PDLSC, and presented higher proliferative potential compared to MSC(M) and MSC(AT). Upon osteogenic induction, PDLSC exhibited higher calcium content and enhanced upregulation of osteogenic\/periodontal genes compared to MSC(M) and MSC(AT), such as Runx2, Col1A1 and CEMP-1. However, the alkaline phosphatase activity of PDLSC did not increase. Our findings suggest that PDLSC might be a promising cell source for periodontal regeneration, presenting enhanced proliferative and osteogenic potential compared to MSC(M) and MSC(AT).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11051352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T01:33:36Z","timestamp":1683164016000},"page":"1352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Enhanced Proliferative and Osteogenic Potential of Periodontal Ligament Stromal Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2503-260X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Evidence-Based Hub, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1019-8263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Evidence-Based Hub, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0167-4077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Jo\u00e3o","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Evidence-Based Hub, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2405-5845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim M. S.","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1091-7651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia L.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1026-1995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta S.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13506","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Burden of Severe Periodontitis, 1990\u20132019: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. 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