{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T22:56:26Z","timestamp":1770332186710,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomedicines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In our study, we investigated the prognostic significance of hematological markers\u2014NLR (Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio), PLR (Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio), and RDW-CV (Red Blood Cell Distribution Width\u2014Coefficient of Variation)\u2014in 117 glioblastoma patients. The data collected from January 2016 to December 2018 included demographics, clinical scores, and treatment regimens. Unlike previous research, which often examined these markers solely before surgery, our unique approach analyzed them at multiple stages: preoperative, postoperative, and before adjuvant therapies. We correlated these markers with the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) using statistical tools, including ANOVA, Cox regression, and Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analyses, employing SPSS version 29.0. Our findings revealed notable variations in the NLR, PLR, and RDW-CV across different treatment stages. The NLR and PLR decreased after surgery, with some stabilization post-STUPP phase (NLR: p = 0.007, \u03b72p = 0.06; PLR: p = 0.001, \u03b72p = 0.23), while the RDW-CV increased post-surgery and during subsequent treatments (RDW-CV: p &lt; 0.001, \u03b72p = 0.67). Importantly, we observed significant differences between the preoperative phase and other treatment phases. Additionally, a higher NLR and RDW-CV at the second-line treatment and disease progression were associated with an increased risk of death (NLR at 2nd line: HR = 1.03, p = 0.029; RDW-CV at progression: HR = 1.14, p = 0.004). We proposed specific marker cut-offs that demonstrated significant associations with survival outcomes when applied to Kaplan\u2013Meier survival curves (NLR at 2nd line &lt; 5: p &lt; 0.017; RDW-CV at progression &lt; 15: p = 0.007). An elevated NLR and RDW-CV at later treatment stages correlated with poorer OS and PFS. No significant preoperative differences were detected. These biomarkers may serve as non-invasive tools for glioblastoma management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12051067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T03:34:01Z","timestamp":1715571241000},"page":"1067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sequential Evaluation of Hematology Markers as a Prognostic Factor in Glioblastoma Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9817-3900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Meira","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Oporto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Oporto University, 4200-319 Oporto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3972-7544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Oporto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Oporto University, 4200-319 Oporto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Tuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Oporto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Oporto University, 4200-319 Oporto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Pol\u00f3nia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Oporto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Oporto University, 4200-319 Oporto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0888-3325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Linhares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Oporto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Oporto University, 4200-319 Oporto, Portugal"},{"name":"Neurosciences Centre, Hospital CUF, 4099-001 Oporto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-022-05301-y","article-title":"The WHO 2021 Classification of Central Nervous System tumours: A practical update on what neurosurgeons need to know-a minireview","volume":"164","author":"Torp","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Dijk, M.R., Steyerberg, E.W., and Habbema, J.D. 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