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Disease progression in Swiss albino mice was compared with the previously documented outcomes in BALB\/c mice using an identical ocular route and parasite burden (2 \u00d7 105 tachyzoites), with saline as the control. Contrary to expectations, the Swiss albino mice displayed rapid, lethal disease progression, marked by pronounced sickness behaviors and mortality within 11\u201312 days post-infection, while the survivors exhibited no apparent signs of infection. Comparative analysis revealed the T. gondii-infected BALB\/c mice exhibited reduced avoidance of feline odors, while the infected Swiss albino mice showed enhanced avoidance responses. There was an important increase in microglial cells in the dentate gyrus molecular layer of the infected Swiss albino mice compared to the BALB\/c mice and their respective controls. Hierarchical cluster and discriminant analyses identified three microglial morphological clusters, differentially affected by T. gondii infection across strains. The BALB\/c mice exhibited increased microglial branching and complexity, while the Swiss albino mice showed reduced shrunken microglial arbors, diminishing their morphological complexity. These findings highlight strain-specific differences in disease progression and inflammatory regulation, indicating lineage-specific mechanisms in inflammatory responses, tolerance, and resistance. Understanding these elements is critical in devising control measures for toxoplasmosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12071420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T07:20:06Z","timestamp":1719386406000},"page":"1420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Contrasting Disease Progression, Microglia Reactivity, Tolerance, and Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Two Mouse Strains"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7369-2165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Diniz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00f5es em Neurodegenera\u00e7\u00e3o e Infec\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Jo\u00e3o de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66073-005, Par\u00e1, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Microscopia Eletr\u00f4nica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Bel\u00e9m 66077-830, Par\u00e1, Brazil"},{"name":"N\u00facleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Jo\u00e3o de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Jhonnathan H. P.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00f5es em Neurodegenera\u00e7\u00e3o e Infec\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Jo\u00e3o de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66073-005, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Luma C. F.","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00f5es em Neurodegenera\u00e7\u00e3o e Infec\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Jo\u00e3o de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66073-005, Par\u00e1, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal do Par\u00e1, Campus Bragan\u00e7a, Bragan\u00e7a 68600-000, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1528-980X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel C.","family":"de Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00f5es em Neurodegenera\u00e7\u00e3o e Infec\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Jo\u00e3o de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66073-005, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Alexa C. L.","family":"de Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00f5es em Neurodegenera\u00e7\u00e3o e Infec\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Jo\u00e3o de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66073-005, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Tain\u00e1 Q.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00f5es em Neurodegenera\u00e7\u00e3o e Infec\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Jo\u00e3o de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66073-005, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Izabelly B. D.","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00f5es em Neurodegenera\u00e7\u00e3o e Infec\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Jo\u00e3o de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66073-005, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1via D.","family":"Maciel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00f5es em Neurodegenera\u00e7\u00e3o e Infec\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Jo\u00e3o de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66073-005, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Gabrielly L. da S.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00f5es em Neurodegenera\u00e7\u00e3o e Infec\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Jo\u00e3o de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66073-005, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Sanderson C.","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Microscopia Eletr\u00f4nica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Bel\u00e9m 66077-830, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Felipe T. de C.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Microscopia Eletr\u00f4nica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Bel\u00e9m 66077-830, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ediclei L.","family":"do Carmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Se\u00e7\u00e3o de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Bel\u00e9m 67030-000, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2660-6222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafaela dos A. 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