{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:27:37Z","timestamp":1760146057035,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CICS-UBI","award":["UIDB\/00709\/2020","UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00709\/2020","UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"N\u00facleo de Estudos de Hipertens\u00e3o da Beira Interior","award":["UIDB\/00709\/2020","UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00709\/2020","UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomedicines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) often exhibit an impaired cellular immune response, which may contribute to an increased susceptibility to infections and other complications. Th1 cells, a subset of T-helper cells, play a crucial role in cellular immunity. However, the modulation of Th1 cells by HD treatment remains unclear. Objective: This study aims to investigate the levels of circulating T cells, especially Th1 cells, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in HD patients. Methods: We recruited 26 HD patients and 10 healthy volunteers. Demographical data were collected, and peripheral blood samples were analyzed. Absolute blood cell counts were determined, and T-cell populations were identified using flow cytometry. Th1 cells were defined as IFN-\u03b3-producing CD4+ T cells after in vitro activation, and NLR was calculated through the ratio between the neutrophil and lymphocyte counts measured in peripheral blood. Results: We have observed a significant decrease in Th1 subpopulation frequency in HD patients, as well as significant correlations between immunological and demographic parameters, among which are the NLR values and the absolute values of T-cell subsets. Conclusions: These results seem to clarify the role of Th1 cells in modulating the immune responses of hemodialysis-treated patients, potentially considering its frequency as an indicator for CKD development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12102188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T06:55:52Z","timestamp":1727333752000},"page":"2188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["TH1 Cell Frequency and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Hemodialysis: Potential Contributions to Patient Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2389-6877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Rodrigues Barreto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andreia","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Pathology Service, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio da Cova da Beira (CHUCB), Alameda P\u00earo da Covilh\u00e3, 6200-251 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ernesto Fernandes","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ULS Castelo Branco, Avenida Pedro Alvares Cabral, 6000-085 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4386-6026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina Reis","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"ULS Castelo Branco, Avenida Pedro Alvares Cabral, 6000-085 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1118-5525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Mafalda","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01568-8","article-title":"Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease by KDIGO Categories of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria: A Systematic Review","volume":"38","author":"Murton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-021-01927-z","article-title":"A Narrative Review of Chronic Kidney Disease in Clinical Practice: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives","volume":"39","author":"Evans","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. 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