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and the Minist\u00e9rio da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Ci\u00eancia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/116067\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/116067\/2016"]}]},{"name":"PT national funds via FCT\/MECI, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, and the Minist\u00e9rio da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Ci\u00eancia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["02\/C06-i06\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/C06-i06\/2024"]}]},{"name":"PT national funds via FCT\/MECI, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, and the Minist\u00e9rio da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Ci\u00eancia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["UID\/50006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50006"]}]},{"name":"PT national funds via FCT\/MECI, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, and the Minist\u00e9rio da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Ci\u00eancia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["UIDB\/04730\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04730\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PT national funds via FCT\/MECI, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, and the Minist\u00e9rio da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Ci\u00eancia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["UIDP\/04730\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04730\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT grants","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/116067\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/116067\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT grants","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["02\/C06-i06\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/C06-i06\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT grants","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/50006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT grants","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04730\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04730\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT grants","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04730\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04730\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomedicines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is a clinically established biomarker primarily used for monitoring disease progression and recurrence in pancreatic and gastrointestinal cancers. Accurate and continuous quantification of CA19-9 in patient samples is critical for effective clinical management. This study aimed to develop dual-emitting molecularly imprinted nanopolymers (dual@nanoMIPs) for ratiometric and reliable detection of CA19-9 in serum. Methods: Dual-emitting nanoMIPs were synthesized via a one-step molecular imprinting process, incorporating both blue-emitting carbon dots (b-CDs) as internal reference fluorophores and yellow-emitting quantum dots (y-QDs) as responsive probes. The CA19-9 template was embedded into the polymer matrix to create specific recognition sites. Fluorescence measurements were carried out under 365 nm excitation in 1% human serum diluted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Results: The dual@nanoMIPs exhibited a ratiometric fluorescence response upon CA19-9 binding, characterized by the emission quenching of the y-QDs at 575 nm, while the b-CDs emission remained stable at 467 nm. The fluorescence shift observed in the RGB coordinates from yellow to green in the concentration range of CA19-9 tested, improved quantification accuracy by compensating for matrix effects in serum. A linear detection range was achieved from 4.98 \u00d7 10\u22123 to 8.39 \u00d7 102 U mL\u22121 in serum samples, with high specificity and reproducibility. Conclusions: The dual@nanoMIPs developed in this work enable a stable, sensitive, and specific detection of CA19-9 in minimally processed serum, offering a promising tool for longitudinal monitoring of cancer patients. Its ratiometric fluorescence design enhances reliability, supporting clinical decision-making in the follow-up of pancreatic cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13071629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T04:07:17Z","timestamp":1751515637000},"page":"1629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dual-Emitting Molecularly Imprinted Nanopolymers for the Detection of CA19-9"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Eduarda","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIETI-LabRISE, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIETI-LabRISE, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8722-3172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael C.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7879-0143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David S. M.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o L. M.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2374-2467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Margarida L.","family":"Piloto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIETI-LabRISE, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Nanoscience: An overview about nanotheranostics for cancer treatment","volume":"11","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt. 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