{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T04:33:58Z","timestamp":1761194038363,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IPO Porto Research Centre","award":["CI-IPOP81\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI-IPOP81\/2017"]}]},{"name":"AstraZeneca"},{"name":"Janssen"},{"name":"L\u00fcndbeck"},{"name":"Novartis"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006546","name":"Angelini Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006546","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"BMS"},{"name":"Lilly"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031647","name":"Gr\u00fcnenthal","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031647","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Tecnifar"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011725","name":"Servier","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"MDS"},{"name":"Bial"},{"name":"Gilead"},{"name":"GSK"},{"name":"Programa Operacional Regional do Norte","award":["NORTE-01-0145-feder-072678-Conc\u00f3rcio PORTO.CCC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-feder-072678-Conc\u00f3rcio PORTO.CCC"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology Portugal","award":["CPUP UID\/50\/2025","CPUP UIDB\/00050\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPUP UID\/50\/2025","CPUP UIDB\/00050\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomedicines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Despite the well-recognized role of inflammation in breast cancer course, the biological mechanisms involved in its pathophysiology are complex, heterogeneous, and still unclear. However, evidence shows that cancer treatments and stress system responses impact the patient\u2019s inflammatory status. We aim to analyze the inflammatory footprint of anti-breast cancer treatments and psychosocial factors by observing the evolution of inflammatory and psychosocial markers pre- and post-chemotherapy; to examine the associations between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines with psychosocial factors after chemotherapy; and to identify vulnerability\/resilience variables that may improve patients\u2019 referral for psycho-oncological interventions before\/after chemotherapy. Methods: We performed a well-controlled cohort study of premenopausal women diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Patients were longitudinally evaluated at pre-chemotherapy (post-surgery in the adjuvant cohort) and post-chemotherapy. Both evaluations included clinical, immunological, and psychosocial data. Results: A significant decrease in TNF-\u03b1 (p = 0.001) was observed in the adjuvant cohort compared to the neoadjuvant cohort. After chemotherapy, we found a significant decline in IL-17a, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-10 (p = 0.000, 0.000, 0.020), reinforcing the influence of chemotherapy on immunocompetence. Significant relations (p &lt; 0.01) were found between the inflammatory biomarkers that decreased post-chemotherapy and psychosocial factors. Venting and instrumental\/emotional support coping played the greatest role in immunological\u2013psychological interactions. Conclusions: The findings confirm an inflammatory footprint, linking the complex interplay between breast tumors, anti-breast cancer treatments, and psychosocial factors. By supporting the immunoregulatory role of biological and psychosocial factors in immunocompetence, our findings bring potential insights into a biopsychosocial approach that targets both survival and psychological adjustment outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13102563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:24:02Z","timestamp":1761056642000},"page":"2563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Inflammatory Footprint of Anti-Breast Cancer Treatments and Psychosocial Factors in Women Undergoing Chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Magda A.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Psychology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Medical Oncology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences (FPCEUP), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CUF Porto Hospital, Estrada da Circunvala\u00e7\u00e3o 14341, 4100-180 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5377-4542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana S.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUF Porto Hospital, Estrada da Circunvala\u00e7\u00e3o 14341, 4100-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Psychiatry Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"RISE-Health, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Godinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Palmeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Em\u00edlia","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Psychiatry Service, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3010-8373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Research Center-LAB2, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University (UFP), Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Department, LPCC-Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Estrada da Circunvala\u00e7\u00e3o 6657, 4200-172 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3863-8520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina Prista","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences (FPCEUP), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Y., Jia, N., Ding, M., and Yuan, K. 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