{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:00:25Z","timestamp":1760234425628,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"North Portugal Regional Coordination and Development Commission (CCDR-N)\/NORTE2020\/Portugal 2020","award":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000024"]}]},{"name":"Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), financed by national funds from FCT","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020 and UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020 and UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009091","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04539\/2020 (CIBB) and PTDC\/SAU-NUT\/31712\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04539\/2020 (CIBB) and PTDC\/SAU-NUT\/31712\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009091","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FEDER\/COMPETE","award":["PO-CI-01-0145-FEDER-007440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PO-CI-01-0145-FEDER-007440"]}]},{"name":"CCDR-C\/CENTRO2020\/Portugal2020","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020"]}]},{"name":"Rede de Qu\u00edmica e Tecnologia-Associa\u00e7\u00e3o (REQUIMTE) in the form of a researcher (S. Rocha) \u2013 project Dial4Life co-financed by FCT\/MCTES","award":["PTDC\/MEC-CAR\/31322\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/MEC-CAR\/31322\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Rede de Qu\u00edmica e Tecnologia-Associa\u00e7\u00e3o (REQUIMTE) in the form of a researcher (S. Rocha) \u2013 project Dial4Life co-financed by FEDER\/COMPETE 2020","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031322"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomedicines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dyslipidemia is a major traditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, although the altered lipid profile does not explain the number and severity of CVD events. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a heterogeneous (size, composition, and functionality) population of particles with different atherogenic or atheroprotective properties. HDL-cholesterol concentrations per se may not entirely reflect a beneficial or a risk profile for CVD. Large HDL in CKD patients may have a unique proteome and lipid composition, impairing their cholesterol efflux capacity. This lack of HDL functionality may contribute to the paradoxical coexistence of increased large HDL and enhanced risk for CVD events. Moreover, CKD is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, diabetes, and\/or hypertension that are able to interfere with the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antithrombotic properties of HDL subpopulations. How these changes interfere with HDL functions in CKD is still poorly understood. Further studies are warranted to fully clarify if different HDL subpopulations present different functionalities and\/or atheroprotective effects. To achieve this goal, the standardization of techniques would be valuable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9050554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T23:17:16Z","timestamp":1621207036000},"page":"554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Subpopulations of High-Density Lipoprotein: Friends or Foes in Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8411-8038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), 4585-116 Gandra-Paredes, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3401-9554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1vio","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology &amp; Experimental Therapeutics, &amp; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4196-2217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Catarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Petronila","family":"Rocha-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemistry Department, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Sameiro-Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Hemodialysis Clinic Hospital Agostinho Ribeiro, 4610-106 Felgueiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Bronze-da-Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Belo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Santos-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration (2020). 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